A Comparison of the Ballistic Performances of Various Microstructures in MIL-A-12560 Armor Steel

Konca, Erkan

doi:10.3390/met10040446

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, it has been reported that the mechanical properties of high-strength ballistic steel are significantly enhanced at lower tempering temperatures [ 23 ]. Microstructurally, a combination of martensite and bainite phases is instrumental for the desired performance of steels [ 24 ]. In addition, even the morphologies of martensite must be examined, such as the butterfly, lath, lenticular and plate types, since such morphologies are responsible for the desired properties of steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Mechanical Behavior of Ballistic Steels

2022

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For the protection of civil and military armored vehicles, advanced steels are used, due to their outstanding mechanical properties, high ballistic performance, ease of manufacturing and low cost. However, after retrofitting, weight is the prominent issue. In this regard, several strategies are being proposed, which include the surface engineering of either low-thickness ballistic steels or conventional steels, in addition to new alloys and composites. Therefore, to better understand the response of such materials under various stimuli, the existing state of the art ballistic steels was utilized in this study. The aim of this study was to better understand the existing materials and their corrosion behavior. Therefore, in this connection, two thicknesses were selected, i.e., thin (6.7–7.0 mm) and thick (13.0–15.0 mm), henceforth termed as low thickness (LT) and high thickness (HT), respectively. This was followed by characterization using tensile, Charpy, micro-Vickers, nanoindentation, XRD, SEM-EDS and corrosion tests. Microstructurally, the LT samples only exhibited ε-carbide precipitates, whereas the HT samples contained both ε-carbides and Mo2C (molybdenum carbides). However, both samples were found to be tempered martensite with a lath morphology. Moreover, higher hardness, and lower elastic modulus and stiffness were noticed in the HT samples compared with their LT counterparts. Fractured surfaces of both of these alloys were also examined, wherein a ductile mode of fracturing was observed. Further, a corrosion study was also carried out in brine solution. The results showed a higher corrosion rate in the HT samples than that of their LT counterparts. An extensive discussion is presented in light of the observed findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Mechanical Behavior of Ballistic Steels

2022

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“…Armored vehicle materials show different behavior under dynamic load conditions than under static load conditions [7]. The coarsegrained region of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is often very brittle due to high carbon content and hardness [8], which is why it is necessary to obtain an optimal balance between hardness and toughness [9,10]. In addition to HAZ, in the weld metal zone, possible pores and cracks result from an inadequate welding process [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding of High-Hardness Armor Steel

Čabrilo¹,

Janjić²

2022

adeletters

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Armor steels are difficult to weld due to the high percentage of carbon. The coarse-grained area and the fusion line in the welded joint are sensitive areas due to the high hardness and the possible presence of hydrogen produced during the welding process. Furthermore, multi-purpose armored vehicles made of armored steel are exposed to dynamic loading due to traffic on rough terrain. High hardness in the coarse- grained area of the heat-affected zone and dynamic loading can cause cracks. In the weld metal zone, a crack created during the welding process or due to pores can quickly propagate toward the sensitive fusion line, after which its accelerated growth can occur. Based on the above, achieving a welded joint without porosity or cracks for armor steel is necessary. This paper investigated the welding process of high- hardness armor steel with two regimes. The test aims to achieve an optimal hardness level and a compromise between ballistic requirements and toughness. The test results showed that a high-quality welded joint and an optimal balance between hardness and toughness are achieved with increased heat input.

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“…Many researchers study the impact of alloy composition and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of steel, such as macro and micro inspection. Quenching and tempering are one of the mechanical properties of steel to improve steel reinforcement [1,2]. The results showed that increasing the quenching temperature could increase the grain size of austenite (dr), martensite package (dp), and beam (db).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the influence of hot rolled plate steel treatment using temper and quench-temper method on vickers hardness number enhancement

Taufik

Pratikto

Suprapto

et al. 2021

EEJET

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This paper wants to know the effect of bending radius on the distribution of hardness, grain distribution and microstructure on the surface area of tensile stress and compressive stress after bending, quenching and tempering. Material testing helps determine and analyze material quality. The research was conducted on the bending of Hot Rolled Plate Steel material with a radius of 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm and 70 mm with a measurement distance of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm, the highest value was obtained at a radius of 55 mm with a measurement distance of 1 mm. After getting the quench-temper treatment with a holding time of 30 minutes, the value of 498 HV was obtained at a radius of 70 mm with a measurement distance of 2 mm. Hardness test was performed using the austenite temperature of 900 °С, microstructure test results obtained finer grains in the compression area r=2.173 µm and in the tensile area r=2.34 µm. This observation aims to determine the microstructure of the material undergoing a heat treatment process at a temperature of 900 °С with a holding time of 30 minutes using water cooling media. The results of the observation of the microstructure of the test specimens before the quench-temper process showed that the structure of ferrite was more abundant than perlite, but after the quench-tempering process the results showed that there was more perlite than ferrite due to the presence of austenite. The treatment on the transformation of the Ar3 line causes the hardness to change the shape of the martensite microstructure into steel while the thickness of the carburizing layer increases with the increase in the carbonization temperature on the surface of the quenched specimen, resulting in the formation of martensite and residual austenite causing the coating to become hard.

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A Comparison of the Ballistic Performances of Various Microstructures in MIL-A-12560 Armor Steel

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Mechanical Behavior of Ballistic Steels

Characterization of Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Mechanical Behavior of Ballistic Steels

Welding of High-Hardness Armor Steel

Analysis of the influence of hot rolled plate steel treatment using temper and quench-temper method on vickers hardness number enhancement

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