A Comparison of the Effects of Cytosine Arabinoside and Adenine Arabinoside on Some Aspects of Brain Growth and Development in the Rat

Adlard, B. P. F.; Dobbing, John; Sands, Jean

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07406.x

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This was again in contrast to I R animals where a selective effect on cerebellum and midbrain was found. These findings in the brain accord well with the effects of inhibitors of D N A synthesis (hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside) when given to fetal or postnatal rats (2,4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nutritionally Small-for-Dates Rats: Their Subsequent Growth, Regional Brain 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover, and Behavior

et al. 1976

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ExtractRats were subjected to nutritional growth retardation either from conception to 5 postnatal days of age (fetal and neonatal restriction ( F N R ) group), or from 5 to 25 postnatal days of age (infantile restriction ( I R ) group). The FNR group may serve a s a model for the human small-for-dates baby.At 20 weeks of age cerebellum, midbrain, and cerebrum were significantly reduced in weight by 4%, 5%, and 4%, respectively, in FNR animals when compared with controls. Only cerebellum and midbrain were affected in IR rats of the same age, but in both regions the percentage deficits (8% and 9%, respectively) were greater than in FNR animals. Both cerebellum and midbrain weighed significantly less in IR than in FNR rats.The timing of nutritional growth retardation appeared to be of little consequence to the regional brain turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine in adulthood. The rate of synthesis in the hippocampus of both FNR and IR animals was significantly faster (67% and 75%, respectively) than in controls. The increased turnover could perhaps represent "overactivity" of those 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurons terminating in the hippocampus.Some differences in the behavior of the previously undernourished adult animals were also evident. On the fifth day of testing, control rats were most venturesome in the open field. Eighteen control rats left the edge zone within 2 min, whereas only 8 FNR and 11 IR rats did so. Most animals froze immediately after a 7-sec exposure to a loud electric bell. The delay before moving about again differentiated the three groups. FNR rats took longest to move out of the area in which they froze. SpeculationLasting changes have been shown here in rats undernourished a t a stage of development commonly implicated in the growth retardation of many human small-for-dates infants. It would therefore be fostered to a well nourished mother and subsequently receive a good nutrition to adulthood. These animals are referred to as the FNR group.Such FNR rats do not grow to be as large as controls, despite an early phase of partial or even complete catch-up (5, 33). Their brains are uniformly small, insofar as the three major brain regions examined show similar deficits in weight; and they probably contain fewer synapses (33). In the present study a more detailed investigation was made of the brain architecture of FNR rats.For a few days after their transfer from a low to a high plane of nutrition at 5 days of postnatal age, the FNR rats show evidence of retarded neurologic maturation, but they appear to make good these delays quite soon (5). However, there still remains the possibility of some lasting effects on behavior. In an attempt to assess some aspects of emotional behavior, observations were made during the present investigation on the behavior of adult rats in stressful situations.Early undernutrition may also have some lasting effects on brain metabolism. For example, alterations in the activities of enzymes involved in the metabolism of certain neurotransmitters have been found in adult ra...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nutritionally Small-for-Dates Rats: Their Subsequent Growth, Regional Brain 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover, and Behavior

et al. 1976

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The significant reduction in the weights of the fetus and placenta suggests that the growth of these tissues were inhibited by the treatment with Ara-C and increased apoptosis may have a certain relation to this growth inhibition. Injection of Ara-C into pregnant rats brings about the malformations of the perinatal CNS such as microcephaly and hydrocephalus 4,5 . Moreover abnormal cytoarchitecture in the cerebral cortex was reported in the murine offspring exposed to Ara-C transplacentally 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1-.BETA.-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C)-induced Apoptosis in the Rat Fetal Tissues and Placenta

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1-β-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), a cytidine analogue, inhibits DNA synthesis and is used for the treatment of myelogenous leukemia. On the other hand, it is also known that Ara-C has a teratogenic effect. In the present study, pregnant rats were treated with 250 mg/kg of Ara-C on day 13 of gestation, and fetal tissues and placentae were collected from 3 to 48 hours after treatment to examine the sequential histopathological changes induced by prenatal Ara-C treatment. The weights of fetuses and placentae and the thickness of the placental labyrinth zone were significantly reduced at 48 hours after treatment. In the fetal tissues such as central nervous system and mesenchymes and in the placental labyrinth zone, the number of pyknotic cells stained positively by the TUNEL method increased markedly after treatment with Ara-C. In most fetal tissues, the number began to increase from 3 to 6 hours and peaked at 9 to 12 hours after treatment. In the placental labyrinth zone, the number peaked at 6 hours after treatment. Electron microscopical features of the pyknotic cells consisted with the ultrastructural characteristics of apoptotic cells. In various fetal organs and placentae, abnormal induction of apoptosis is suggested to induce growth inhibition and have a certain relation to the malformations. Moreover, abnormal induction of apoptosis would have a deep connection with the cytotoxic effect of Ara-C which may affect proliferative cells in fetuses and placentae developing rapidly. (J Toxicol Pathol 2003; 16: 223-229)

show abstract

“…The CNS develops mainly between E14 and E22 [3]. Neuroplasticity is a fundamental process for brain development and neuro-ontogenesis [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Proteomics of the Cerebral Cortex of Juvenile, Adult and Aged Rats: An Ontogenetic Study

Wille¹,

Schumann²,

Kreutzer³

et al. 2017

J Proteomics Bioinform

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Comparison of the Effects of Cytosine Arabinoside and Adenine Arabinoside on Some Aspects of Brain Growth and Development in the Rat

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Nutritionally Small-for-Dates Rats: Their Subsequent Growth, Regional Brain 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover, and Behavior

Nutritionally Small-for-Dates Rats: Their Subsequent Growth, Regional Brain 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover, and Behavior

1-.BETA.-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C)-induced Apoptosis in the Rat Fetal Tissues and Placenta

Differential Proteomics of the Cerebral Cortex of Juvenile, Adult and Aged Rats: An Ontogenetic Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About