A comparison of the effects of isoflurane and ketamine anesthesia on auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds in rats

Ruebhausen, M.R.; Brozoski, Thomas J.; Bauer, Carol A.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2012.04.005

Cited by 67 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, it is possible that species or individuals could vary in their response to the anesthesia. Isoflurane, which was used for all birds in this study, has been shown to elevate thresholds compared to a ketamine/xylazine combination in rats and mice, with a reduction in sensitivity over the duration of anesthesia (Cederholm et al 2012; Ruebhausen et al 2012). Deep anesthesia with ketamine, nembutal and halothane reduced or eliminated both cochlear action potentials and distortion products in starlings and chickens (Kettembeil et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species

et al. 2015

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There is little biological data available for diving birds because many live in hard-to-study, remote habitats. Only one species of diving bird, the black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus), has been studied in respect to auditory capabilities (Wever et al. 1969). We therefore measured in-air auditory threshold in ten species of diving birds, using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The average audiogram obtained for each species followed the U-shape typical of birds and many other animals. All species tested shared a common region of greatest sensitivity, from 1000 to 3000 Hz, although audiograms differed significantly across species. Thresholds of all duck species tested were more similar to each other than to the two non-duck species tested. The red-throated loon (Gavia stellata) and northern gannet (Morus bassanus) exhibited the highest thresholds while the lowest thresholds belonged to the duck species, specifically the lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis). Vocalization parameters were also measured for each species, and showed that with the exception of the common eider (Somateria mollisima), the peak frequency, i.e. frequency at the greatest intensity, of all species’ vocalizations measured here fell between 1000 and 3000 Hz, matching the bandwidth of the most sensitive hearing range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species

et al. 2015

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“…In private practice, safer and convenient anaesthesia such as isoflurane delivered by mask is preferable, as done in this study. Although a previous study in rats indicates that isoflurane anaesthesia elevates BAER thresholds (Ruebhausen and others 2012), this anaesthetic drug was chosen because it provides a quick induction and rapid recovery with few residual effects. Furthermore, isoflurane has not been reported to affect BAER at 90 dB Q5SLP enabling differentiation of healthy ferrets from those with sensorineural deafness, as was shown in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem auditory‐evoked response (BAER) in client‐owned pet ferrets with normal hearing

2014

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) testing in pet ferrets in a clinical setting, and to describe a routine method and baseline data for normal hearing ferrets for future investigation of deafness in this species. Twenty-eight clinically normal client-owned ferrets were included. BAER measurements were recorded under general anaesthesia (isoflurane delivered by mask), from subcutaneously placed needle electrodes. A 'click' stimulus applied by insert earphone with an intensity of 90 dB sound pressure level (SPL) was used. The final BAER waveform represents an average of 500 successive responses. Morphology of the waveform was studied; amplitude and latency measures were determined and means were calculated. The BAER waveform of the normal ferret included 4 reproducible waves named I, II, III and V, as previously described in dogs and cats. Measurements of latencies are consistent with previous laboratory research using experimental ferrets. In the present study, a reliable routine protocol for clinical evaluation of the hearing function in the pet ferret was established. This procedure can be easily and safely performed in a clinical setting in ferrets as young as eight weeks of age. The prevalence of congenital deafness in ferrets is currently unknown but may be an important consideration, especially in ferrets with a white coat. BAER test is a useful screening for congenital deafness in this species.

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“…In animal research, it is often used in combination with xylazine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist with sedative properties. When compared to isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia appears to have less effect on auditory sensitivity in terms of OAE or auditory brainstem responses (Ruebhausen et al 2012;Harel et al 1997). According to Harel et al (1997) ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia can even increase the amplitudes of transiently evoked OAE (TEOAE) and DPOAE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ketamine–Xylazine Anaesthesia on Cubic and Quadratic High-Frequency Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions

Schlenther

Voss

Kössl

2014

JARO

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Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic, analgesic drug as well as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and has been reported to influence otoacoustic emission amplitudes. In the present study, we assess the effect of ketamine-xylazine on high-frequency distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in the bat species Carollia perspicillata, which serves as model for sensitive high-frequency hearing. Cubic DPOAE provide information about the nonlinear gain of the cochlear amplifier, whereas quadratic DPOAE are used to assess the symmetry of cochlear amplification and potential efferent influence on the operating state of the cochlear amplifier. During anaesthesia, maximum cubic DPOAE levels can increase by up to 35 dB within a medium stimulus level range from 35 to 60 dB SPL. Close to the -10 dB SPL threshold, at stimulus levels below about 20-30 dB SPL, anaesthesia reduces cubic DPOAE amplitudes and raises cubic DPOAE thresholds. This makes DPOAE growth functions steeper. Additionally, ketamine increases the optimum stimulus frequency ratio which is indicative of a reduction of cochlear tuning sharpness. The effect of ketamine on cubic DPOAE thresholds becomes stronger at higher stimulus frequencies and is highly significant for f2 frequencies above 40 kHz. Quadratic DPOAE levels are increased by up to 25 dB by ketamine at medium stimulus levels. In contrast to cubic DPOAEs, quadratic DPOAE threshold changes are variable and there is no significant loss of sensitivity during anaesthesia. We discuss that ketamine effects could be caused by modulation of middle ear function or a release from ipsilateral efferent modulation that mainly affects the gain of cochlear amplification.

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A comparison of the effects of isoflurane and ketamine anesthesia on auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds in rats

Cited by 67 publications

References 20 publications

A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species

A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species

Brainstem auditory‐evoked response (BAER) in client‐owned pet ferrets with normal hearing

Influence of Ketamine–Xylazine Anaesthesia on Cubic and Quadratic High-Frequency Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions

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