A comparison of the effects of two different doses of ketamine used for co-induction of anaesthesia with a target-controlled infusion of propofol in dogs

A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs

“…; Henao‐Guerrero & Riccó ), while some investigators reported that the addition of ketamine had no influence on the dose rate of propofol required for orotracheal intubation in premedicated dogs (Mair et al. ). The lack of propofol reduction observed by Mair et al.…”

“…Other investigators have found a similar incidence of apnea when comparing ketamine and propofol to propofol alone for induction of premedicated dogs (Mair et al. ). In the present study there was no significant difference in the prevalence of apnea between anesthetic protocols, then again only 10 dogs were studied.…”

“…The lack of propofol reduction observed by Mair et al. () is likely due to the smaller doses of ketamine that were used in that study in comparison to the doses used in the present study and in other studies. The propofol dose reductions observed in the study reported here suggest a 30% reduction in overall drug cost with KP compared to P used alone, based on current pricing at our pharmacy.…”

Abnormal motor activity during anaesthesia in a dog: a case report

“…In a previous study using lower doses of ketamine for co-induction of anaesthesia with propofol, none of the dogs displayed convulsions or seizures after ketamine administration. The examiners did not find a difference in motor side effects in dogs administered the combination of ketamine and propofol compared to when propofol was used alone for induction of anaesthesia [4]. In human patients the use of ketamine combined with propofol for induction of anaesthesia reduced the incidence of excitatory effects significantly in comparison to use of propofol alone [17].…”

“…Several drugs commonly applied in clinical veterinary anaesthesia may induce epileptiform activity in human clinical patients and in experimental studies [2]. Multimodal analgesia and inducing anaesthesia with more than one drug have become increasingly popular over the last years, leading to the use of a wide range of drug combinations in small animal anaesthesia [4-6]. This case report describes convulsions in a dog during isoflurane anaesthesia after premedication with acepromazine and methadone followed by co-induction with propofol and ketamine.…”