A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources

Hime, Neil J.; Marks, Guy B.; Cowie, Christine

doi:10.3390/ijerph15061206

Cited by 177 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…Because fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ) is a multi-dimensional pollutant originating from a variety of sources, including wildland fire, there are gaps in our understanding of how exposure to wildland fire smoke impacts health. While wildfires produce high levels of air pollutants, the chemical signature differs from other source of ambient PM and shows differential toxicity for some endpoints [24][25][26][27]. Exposure scenarios differ as well, with substantially sharper peaks during wildfires [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Mapping Modeled Exposure of Wildland Fire Smoke for Human Health Studies in California

et al. 2019

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Wildland fire smoke exposure affects a broad proportion of the U.S. population and is increasing due to climate change, settlement patterns and fire seclusion. Significant public health questions surrounding its effects remain, including the impact on cardiovascular disease and maternal health. Using atmospheric chemical transport modeling, we examined general air quality with and without wildland fire smoke PM 2.5 . The 24-h average concentration of PM 2.5 from all sources in 12-km gridded output from all sources in California (2007-2013) was 4.91 µg/m 3 . The average concentration of fire-PM 2.5 in California by year was 1.22 µg/m 3 (~25% of total PM 2.5 ). The fire-PM 2.5 daily mean was estimated at 4.40 µg/m 3 in a high fire year (2008). Based on the model-derived fire-PM 2.5 data, 97.4% of California's population lived in a county that experienced at least one episode of high smoke exposure ("smokewave") from 2007-2013. Photochemical model predictions of wildfire impacts on daily average PM 2.5 carbon (organic and elemental) compared to rural monitors in California compared well for most years but tended to over-estimate wildfire impacts for 2008 (2.0 µg/m 3 bias) and 2013 (1.6 µg/m 3 bias) while underestimating for 2009 (−2.1 µg/m 3 bias). The modeling system isolated wildfire and PM 2.5 from other sources at monitored and unmonitored locations, which is important for understanding population exposure in health studies. Further work is needed to refine model predictions of wildland fire impacts on air quality in order to increase confidence in the model for future assessments. Atmospheric modeling can be a useful tool to assess broad geographic scale exposure for epidemiologic studies and to examine scenario-based health impacts.

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confidence: 99%

Mapping Modeled Exposure of Wildland Fire Smoke for Human Health Studies in California

et al. 2019

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“…Sustainability 2019, 11, 7218 2 of 14 mobile fonts. The adverse health and environmental effects of PM and trace gases have been confirmed by several studies [10][11][12].…”

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confidence: 72%

“…Tunnels and bridge are the components of a road with the greatest impact in terms of air emissions.Sustainability 2019, 11, 7218 2 of 14 mobile fonts. The adverse health and environmental effects of PM and trace gases have been confirmed by several studies [10][11][12].Numerous studies have focused on off-road equipment emissions inventories [5,7,8,[13][14][15]; however, the available data for comprehensive evaluations are still considerably more limited compared to the on-road mobiles sources. Few developed countries have published greenhouse gases (GHG) and non-GHG emission factor standards for non-road equipment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimation of Gas and Dust Emissions in Construction Sites of a Motorway Project

et al. 2019

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Minimizing the environmental impacts is a challenging task to achieve sustainability in road constructions. Although they are only temporary, the environmental burdens of building activities can have a great impact on the environment and communities, and must be properly assessed and mitigated. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts requires the consideration of all construction activities, construction sites and the type and operation time of off-road machines and plants that will be used in each site. In this paper, a case study relating to the project of a motorway was carried out with the following objectives: (i) to estimate the dust and gases arising from the whole construction process and identify the most critical pollutants in terms of emitted quantity; (ii) to investigate the worksites, activities and processes with the greatest impact from an emissive standpoint, and (iii) to propose a rational approach for designing and putting in place effective mitigation measures. Carbon oxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and fine particulate matter (PM10) emissions have been estimated by applying different models, methodologies and databases, depending on the construction process under analysis, and an emissive balance sheet has been produced. Results showed that CO is the pollutant released in the greatest quantity, followed by NOx. The emission of PM10, mainly due to the movement of trucks on unpaved roads, is one order of magnitude less with respect to CO and NOx, but produces the most perceived and undesired effects of the construction process in the interested communities. Tunnels and bridge are the components of a road with the greatest impact in terms of air emissions.

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“…Although the causes of vascular diseases are complex, it is being recognized that environmental factors such as PM can play a significant role [6,33]. Metals in PM are considered to contribute to the particle's toxic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanadium Derivative Exposure Promotes Functional Alterations of VSMCs and Consequent Atherosclerosis via ROS/p38/NF-κB-Mediated IL-6 Production

Yeh

Lee

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Vanadium is a transition metal widely distributed in the Earth’s crust, and is a major contaminant in fossil fuels. Its pathological effect and regulation in atherosclerosis remain unclear. We found that intranasal administration of the vanadium derivative NaVO3 significantly increased plasma and urinary vanadium levels and induced arterial lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient knockout mice (ApoE−/−) murine aorta compared to those in vehicle-exposed mice. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and a decrease in the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation marker protein SM22α in the atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, exposure to NaVO3 or VOSO4 induced cytosolic ROS generation and IL-6 production in VSMCs and promoted VSMC synthetic differentiation, migration, and proliferation. The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) not only suppresses IL-6 production and VSMC pathological responses including migration and proliferation but also prevents atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Inhibition experiments with NAC and pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that NaVO3-induced IL-6 production is signaled by ROS-triggered p38-mediated NF-κB-dependent pathways. Neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies impaired NaVO3-mediated VSMC migration and proliferation. We concluded that NaVO3 exposure activates the ROS-triggering p38 signaling to selectively induce NF-κB-mediated IL-6 production. These signaling pathways induce VSMC synthetic differentiation, migration, and proliferation, leading to lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis.

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A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources

Cited by 177 publications

References 142 publications

Mapping Modeled Exposure of Wildland Fire Smoke for Human Health Studies in California

Mapping Modeled Exposure of Wildland Fire Smoke for Human Health Studies in California

Estimation of Gas and Dust Emissions in Construction Sites of a Motorway Project

Vanadium Derivative Exposure Promotes Functional Alterations of VSMCs and Consequent Atherosclerosis via ROS/p38/NF-κB-Mediated IL-6 Production

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