A comparison of the responses of two Plantago species to nitrate availability in culture experiments with exponential nutrient addition

Freijsen, A. H. J.; Otten, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00378935

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Due to the absence of mineral nitrogen in the pots with plants, it was concluded that the system was ammonium limited over the whole period. This is confirmed by the fact that the maximum relative growth rate of P. lanceolata is 1.85 per week (Freijsen and Otten, 1987;Kuiper and Bos, 1992), whereas an exponentially increasing ammonium addition rate of 1.37 per week was applied in the present pot experiment. One possible explanation is that the inhibition of the nitrification process is due to alMochemicals originating from the roots of P. lanceolata.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Competition for ammonium between plant roots and nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria and the effects of protozoan grazing

1995

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The competition for limiting amounts of ammonium between the chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing species Nitrosomonas europaea, the heterotrophic species Arthrobacter globiformis and roots of Plantago lanceolata (Ribwort plantain) was studied in a series of model systems of increasing complexity, i.e. energy-limited continuous cultures, non-water-saturated continuously percolated soil columns and pots with "7-sterilized soil planted with axenic P. lanceolata seedlings. The effects of bacterial grazing by the flagellate species Adriamonas peritocrescens on the competition for ammonium were also investigated in the three model systems.It was found that N. europaea was a weaker competitor for ammonium than either A. globiformis or plant roots of P. lanceolata. It is assumed that the heterotrophic bacteria have a higher affinity for ammonium than the nitrifying bacteria, whereas growing plant roots have a greater capacity to exploit the soil for ammonium than the immobile nitrifying bacteria. It is not very likely that allelochemicals were involved in suppressing the nitrification process. Four reasons are given for this assumption.Presence of the flagellates strongly stimulated the potential nitrification rate in all model systems. It is assumed that there is a more even distribution over the soil of either nitrifying bacteria or their substrate ammonium in the presence of flagellates. In addition to the distribution effect, there is a stimulation of the potential ammonium oxidation rate. The results are discussed in the light of the function of nitrate as nitrogen sink in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Competition for ammonium between plant roots and nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria and the effects of protozoan grazing

1995

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“…NUE of -N plants was strongly increased as compared to + N plants in both species. The increase was stronger in P. major than in P. lanceolata, in agreement with results of Freijsen and Otten (1988) on the same species.…”

Section: Nitrogen Depletion In Plantago 203supporting

confidence: 92%

The response ofPlantago lanceolata L. andP. major L. spp.major to nitrate depletion

Blacquière

Koetsier

1988

Plant Soil

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To study aspects of the ecology of grassland species, in a comparative experiment, plants of P. lanceolata and P. major were grown in pots in a greenhouse, and subjected to a gradual nitrate depletion for several weeks. Control plants were weekly supplied with nitrate. Growth, leaf appearance and disappearance, concentrations of cations and inorganic anions, soluble and insoluble reduced nitrogen concentrations, in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates in several parts of the plants were followed. Depletion of nitrate caused a reduction of shoot growth, both in biomass and number of leaves. Withering of leaves increased. Accumulation of root dry matter was little (P. lanceolata), or not (P. major) affected. The concentration of reduced nitrogen in all tissues also decreased, both that of the soluble and that of the insoluble fraction. As a result, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, g dry matter produced per mmol N incorporated) increased by nitrate depletion. NRA was higher in the roots than in the leaves, and decreased with increasing nitrate depletion.In control plants, nitrate became also limiting. This resulted in decreasing nitrate concentrations in leaves and roots. In the leaves, the decrease in nitrate concentration was preceded by a decrease in NRA. The decrease of the nitrate concentration was parallelled by an increase in the concentration of soluble sugar.No major differences in the response towards nitrate depletion were observed between the two species.

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“…A number of authors have shown that plants adjust their RGR to match suboptimum relative rates of nutrient supply (RAR) if nutrients are added at frequent intervals during the growth period (Ericsson, 1981;Ericsson and Ingestad, 1988;Freijsen and Otten, 1987;Ingestad, 1981;Ingestad and Lund, 1979;Jia and Ingestad, 1984). Thus, Equation 2 can be rewritten with RAR as the control variable:…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the state of the art in solution culture is the low volume, well-stirred system with frequent replenishment of nutrients using a constant RAR (Freijsen and Otten, 1987;Ingestad and Lund. 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of relative growth rate by application of the relative addition rate technique to a traditional solution culture system

1992

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The relative addition rate (RAR) technique allows the nutritional control of plant relative growth rate (RGR) by the provision of nutrients at exponential supply rates. The technique, however, was developed with technologically sophisticated aeroponic systems. In this paper, we report on experiments used to adapt the RAR technique to a conventional solution culture system. A background concentration requirement of 36 p,M nitrogen (N), with other nutrients supplied in proportion to N, was necessary to produce a constant RGR of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) at a low RAR. Solution pH changes were reduced by increasing the percentage of NH 4 in the nitrogen supply, but the plants exhibited dry weight reductions and symptoms of toxicity above 30% NH 4. For wheat, a ratio of 25/75 NH4/NO 3 was optimum for minimizing pH changes within the nontoxic range. A test of the effectiveness of the RAR technique using this background concentration and NH4/NO 3 ratio showed that RGR increased with RAR with a linear slope of 0.55 and an intercept of 0.07 d -1. Although the relationship between growth rate and nutrient supply was less than the one-to-one dependence of RGR on RAR that has been obtained with more sophisticated apparatus, application of the RAR technique to a conventional solution culture system still affords considerable control of RGR and presents a simple method for growing plants at different levels of nutrient stress and at distinct RGRs.

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A comparison of the responses of two Plantago species to nitrate availability in culture experiments with exponential nutrient addition

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Competition for ammonium between plant roots and nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria and the effects of protozoan grazing

Competition for ammonium between plant roots and nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria and the effects of protozoan grazing

The response ofPlantago lanceolata L. andP. major L. spp.major to nitrate depletion

Control of relative growth rate by application of the relative addition rate technique to a traditional solution culture system

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