As defined by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), simulation is "a method used in health care education to replace or amplify real patient experiences with scenarios designed to replicate real health encounters, using life-like mannequins, physical models, standardized patients, or computers." 1 Interest in simulation has increased dramatically since the 1990s, as evidenced by the inauguration of a dedicated academic society, initiation of a simulation journal, and a growing body of research around its use in medical education. 2 An AAMC survey released in 2011 reveals a high level of integration by responding medical schools (MS) and teaching hospitals (TH) of simulation into undergraduate medical education, residency training, and education for practicing physicians. 1 However, the least used simulation modality reported for both MS and TH was screen-based simulation (60% MS/55% TH) versus full-scale mannequins (95% MS/87% TH), standardized patients (94% MS/65% TH), or partial task trainers (93% MS/88% TH). 1 This chapter will explore why there has been a delay in using this technology by reviewing factors leading to current education practices and utilization trends, present several currently available anesthesiacentered computer-based simulators, and discuss why current screenbased simulators provide unique opportunities and benefits in the context of an ever changing and complex educational milieu.
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Evolution of Medical EducationThe evolution of medical education has been influenced by technology and an improving accessibility to information, enhancement
INTERNATIONAL ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS