A comparison of the UK Standard Assessment Procedure and detailed simulation of solar energy systems for dwellings

Murphy, Gavin Bruce; Kummert, Michaël; Anderson, B.; Counsell, John

doi:10.1080/19401493.2010.494734

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is acknowledged by Murphy et al (2009) who state 'further work is needed to assess the impact of shading. It is known that shading can have a devastating effect on PV performance, and it is unclear how the basic categories in SAP can address this'.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of previous studies have examined the impact of shading on the performance of PV installations but the vast majority of these studies have examined the impact of shading on the performance of the PV modules themselves, and the resulting reduction in electrical output, rather than an assessment of the general impact of shading on incident solar radiation and the electrical output of individual domestic system installations (Alonso-Garcia et al 2006 andWoyte et al 2003). Work by Murphy et al (2009) evaluated the simulation of PV installations using the SAP 2005 model and concluded that whilst there is less scope for errors when compared to more detailed models such as PVSYST, specific PV system data cannot be modeled, nor can site location be specified which leads to the SAP model over-predicting PV output for all UK locations North of Sheffield, and underpredicting PV output for locations further South. It has been estimated that there could be a potential output difference of up to 35%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Comparison of Computational Simulation and Physical Measurement of Solar Radiation and Photovoltaic Outputs for Residential Dwellings

Pretlove

Osborne

2015

Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol I

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By 2016, new residential buildings in the UK will have to be 'net zero carbon' to comply with proposed changes to Part L of the Government's Building Regulations. Approved document Part L of the Building Regulations requires energy use and generation, and the resulting carbon emissions, to be quantified using the Government's Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) model. To achieve a zero carbon dwelling, on-site renewable technologies must usually be incorporated into the design. Since the introduction of the Feed-In Tariff (FIT), in April 2010, photovoltaic (PV) systems have been seen as one of the most cost effective methods of achieving the higher levels of the Code for Sustainable Homes (CfSH), the route to meet zero carbon emissions in domestic buildings. The quantification of energy generation for CfSH certification, comes directly from the SAP model, where the methodology used to justify the use of PV systems is crude in its prediction of shading and utilises simplified rules-of-thumb to predict how shading will affect energy generation. This paper compares the prediction methods currently available to designers (SAP) against real data collected on live building projects in South West London. Included in this study is the physical measurement of solar radiation where PV panels will be installed at a later date, together with the measured outputs from two recent domestic PV installations that are benefiting from the FIT initiative. For both of these, in terms of solar radiation and electricity production, comparisons are made between actual measurements and predicted results. The results of this study show that the methodology provided in the SAP 2005 and 2009 models for determining the available energy at inverter output (kWh/year) for solar PV systems is crude and inaccurate, particularly in locations where there is significant shading from external obstructions, and particularly where an evaluation of the overshading is required. The SAP methodology for quantifying the shading coefficient is crude and there are little guideline provided. A novel technique for quantifying overshading has been tested in this study and the results indicate that a more robust method is required. The methodology being proposed is in line with more comprehensive approaches that have been adopted by other organisations, in particular new guidelines and methodologies published and recommended by the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS). Proposals by the BRE for improvements to the SAP 2012 model, for the calculation of incident solar radiation, and the energy generated by a solar PV system, are generally positive but the determination of overshading in any particular location remains crude and difficult to quantify.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Computational Simulation and Physical Measurement of Solar Radiation and Photovoltaic Outputs for Residential Dwellings

Pretlove

Osborne

2015

Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol I

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“…In the UK, the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is a method used by the Government to assess and compare the energy and environmental performance of dwellings [52]. It includes generic U-values.…”

Section: Bim-enabled Energy Analysis Of Retrofit Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Social Housing Retrofit Options to Support Clients’ Decision Making—SIMPLER BIM Protocol

Tzortzopoulos

Li²,

Soliman-Junior

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The UK government made significant commitments to upgrading the energy efficiency of seven million British homes by 2020, aiming at reducing carbon emissions and addressing fuel poverty. One alternative to achieve better energy performance in existing houses is retrofit. However, there are difficulties associated with retrofitting social housing. It is currently challenging to compare scenarios (retrofit options) considering costs, potential energy efficiency gains, and at the same time minimising disruption to users. This paper presents a Building Information Modelling (BIM) protocol aimed to support decision making by social housing owners. It adopts BIM to simulate alternative retrofit options, considering: (a) potential reductions in energy consumption, (b) 4D BIM for retrofit planning and reduction of users’ disruption and (c) simulation of costs. A what-if scenario matrix is proposed to support decision making in the selection of social housing retrofit solutions, according to client and users’ needs. A case study of the retrofit of a mid-terrace house is presented to demonstrate the workflow. The main output of the work is the BIM protocol, which can support client decision making in diverse social housing retrofit projects, considering all three elements (energy simulation, planning for reduced disruption and cost estimation) in an integrated fashion. Such an integrated approach enables clients to make better informed decisions considering diverse social housing retrofit options through a simple process using readily available BIM technology.

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“…SAP has also been compared to the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) and it has been found that SAP may underestimate the heating required for a low energy house compared to PHPP (4). Studies have also shown that there can be variances in results between SAP and Dynamic Simulation tools (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbolic energy estimation model with optimum start algorithm implementation

Murphy¹

2011

CIBSE Technical Symposium 2011

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A comparison of the UK Standard Assessment Procedure and detailed simulation of solar energy systems for dwellings

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

A Comparison of Computational Simulation and Physical Measurement of Solar Radiation and Photovoltaic Outputs for Residential Dwellings

A Comparison of Computational Simulation and Physical Measurement of Solar Radiation and Photovoltaic Outputs for Residential Dwellings

Evaluating Social Housing Retrofit Options to Support Clients’ Decision Making—SIMPLER BIM Protocol

Symbolic energy estimation model with optimum start algorithm implementation

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