A Comparison of Three Indicators for Identifying Mexican Americans in Epidemiologic Research

Hazuda, Helen P.; Comeaux, Paul J.; Stern, Michael P.; Haffner, Steven M.; Eifler, Clayton W.; Rosenthal, Mark J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114228

Cited by 192 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…The number of cases of breast cancer by racial-ethnic group and by SES are provided in Table I (Hazuda et al, 1986 (US Department of Labor, 1980). The SES indicator is based on census tract income and education as used in other similar studies (Dayal et at., 1982 These data suggest that more attention needs to be given to women of low socioeconomic status and to women of Black and Hispanic ethnicity to improve stage at diagnosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage and delay in breast cancer diagnosis by race, socioeconomic status, age and year

Richardson

Langholz²,

Bernstein³

et al. 1992

Br J Cancer

170

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage and delay in breast cancer diagnosis by race, socioeconomic status, age and year

Richardson

Langholz²,

Bernstein³

et al. 1992

Br J Cancer

170

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“…The classi®cation of Mexican American (MA), non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Mexican Hispanics, and others was based on a previously published algorithm because MAs have different genetic makeup from other Hispanics. 22 Scoring of the algorithm was done by computer so that the actual classi®cation of children as MA, NHW or other was independent of observers' judgment.…”

Section: Methods (A) Subject Population and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of overweight in a triethnic pediatric population of San Antonio, Texas

Park

Schoolfield

2001

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVES:To investigate the prevalence of overweight among different ethnic and gender groups of children and adolescents in the San Antonio, Texas, area and to compare the prevalence with that of the US national ®gures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study SUBJECTS: A total of 7208 schoolchildren in kindergarten through 12th grade. There were 4215 Mexican American (MA) (58.5%), 2040 non-Hispanic white (NHW) (28.3%) and 953 African American (AA) (13.2%) subjects. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height and skinfold thicknesses. RESULTS: The body mass index (BMI, kgam 2 ) values of MA boys were almost consistently and signi®cantly (P`0.05) larger than NHW boys and showed a tendency to be larger than AA boys, beginning as early as age 6 and continuing through age 17. Although rarely signi®cant, a similar trend in ethnic difference was also noted for girls, with the smallest BMI seen in NHW girls. The subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) for MA boys and girls was signi®cantly (P`0.05) larger than that for NHW counterparts and showed a tendency to be larger than AA counterparts. No signi®cant ethnic differences were present in the triceps skinfold thickness (TST) for girls, but MA boys' TST were occasionally larger (P`0.05) than other ethnic-gender groups. Girls' TST were frequently larger (P`0.05) than boys for each ethnic groups. Using the population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I as reference, the prevalence of overweight (BMI ! 95th percentile) was greater in MA (15 ± 28%) and AA (11 ± 29%) boys and girls than in NHW (7 ± 17%) counterparts. The combined prevalence of overweight and`at risk of overweight' (BMI b 85th percentile) was much larger in MA boys (40 ± 50%), MA girls (34 ± 52%), and AA girls (33 ± 51%) than other subgroups. The onset of overweight is quite early, starting at 5 ± 6 y of age, especially in girls. Compared to the data from national surveys, the prevalence of overweight found in this study is higher than reported nationally. We found a marked increase in the skinfold thickness, especially SST for boys, but the increase is less for girls. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight is higher in MA boys and girls and AA girls than other ethnic-gender groups in the San Antonio, Texas, area. The prevalence of childhood overweight in the San Antonio area is higher than national ®gures. The ®ndings of increasing prevalence and early onset of childhood overweight are concerning, because these are known risk factors for diabetes and diseases of many other organ systems. Measures to prevent, reduce or treat childhood obesity are urgently needed.

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“…23 In this study, all Mexican-American subjects had at least three grandparents born in Mexico. 24 We used diagnostic and rating instruments that have been fully validated in English and in Spanish, and conducted all assessments in the subjects' primary language.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 haplotype and antidepressant treatment response in Mexican-Americans

et al. 2004

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There are well-replicated, independent lines of evidence supporting a role for corticotropinreleasing hormone (CRH) in the pathophysiology of depression. CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1), which we first mapped in the brain in 1994, has been implicated in the treatment of depression and anxiety. We studied the association of CRHR1 genotypes with the phenotype of antidepressant treatment response in 80 depressed Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles who completed a prospective randomized, placebo lead-in, double-blind treatment of fluoxetine or desipramine, with active treatment for 8 weeks. Subjects were included into the study if they had a diagnosis of depression without other confounding medical or psychiatric diagnoses or treatments. All patients were followed weekly and assessed for changes in the Hamilton rating scales for anxiety (HAM-A) and depression (HAM-D). Inclusion criteria in the study included a HAM-D of 18 or higher. Because CRHR1 affects both depression and anxiety. Patients were classified into a high-anxiety (HA) group if their HAM-A score was 18 or higher and in a low-anxiety (LA) group if their HAM-A score was less than 18. Utilizing the haplotype-tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1876828, rs242939 and rs242941, we tested for haplotypic association between CRHR1 and 8-week response to daily antidepressant treatment. In the HA group (n ¼ 54), homozygosity for the GAG haplotype was associated with a relative 70% greater reduction in HAM-A scores compared to heterozygous (63.174.5 vs 37.176.9%, respectively, P ¼ 0.002). For HAM-D, GAG haplotype homozygosity was associated with a 31% greater reduction in scores after treatment compared to heterozygous (67.374.3 vs 51.276.0%, respectively, P ¼ 0.03). In those with loweranxiety levels at screening, there were no associations between CRHR1 genotype and percent change in HAM-A or HAM-D. These findings of increased response to antidepressants in highly anxious patients homozygous for the GAG haplotype of CRHR1 need to be independently validated and replicated. Such work would support the hypotheses that response to antidepressant treatment is heterogeneous and that the CRHR1 gene and possibly other genes in stress-inflammatory pathways are involved in response to antidepressant treatment. These findings also suggest that variations in the CRHR1 gene may affect response to CRHR1 agonists or antagonists. All data are deposited in www.pharmgkb. Keywords: corticotropin-releasing hormone; corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor; MexicanAmerican; Hispanic; depression; anxiety Major depression is a common and complex disorder of gene-environment interactions. 1 The specific genetic substrates and precipitating environmental factors have not yet been elucidated. The disorder affects 10% of males and 20% of females and has a point prevalence of 3%. Its cost to the US economy exceeds 100 billion dollars per year. 2 Over 20 drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of depression, each one with efficacy of approximately 60%. Various subgroups ...

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A Comparison of Three Indicators for Identifying Mexican Americans in Epidemiologic Research

Cited by 192 publications

References 0 publications

Stage and delay in breast cancer diagnosis by race, socioeconomic status, age and year

Stage and delay in breast cancer diagnosis by race, socioeconomic status, age and year

Prevalence of overweight in a triethnic pediatric population of San Antonio, Texas

Association of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 haplotype and antidepressant treatment response in Mexican-Americans

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