A comparison of TPS and different measurement techniques in small-field electron beams

Kesen, Nazmiye Dönmez; Aydın, Cevdet; Okutan, Murat; Bilge, Hatice

doi:10.1016/j.meddos.2014.07.001

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As illustrated in Figure 1, the in-depth dose distribution (Figure 1A) of these particles differs significantly when they enter the tissue. Electrons (Figure 1B) release their entire dose in the first few centimeters of the tissue, making them suitable for treating superficial lesions [15]. In contrast, photons (Figure 1C) deposit their dose more deeply, making them more useful for treating deeper lesions.…”

Section: Basics Of Medical Physics-radiation Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Primer on Radiation Oncology for Non-Radiation Oncologists

Beddok,

Lim,

Thariat

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Background: Multidisciplinary management is crucial in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multidisciplinary teams include specialists in surgery, medical therapies, and radiation therapy (RT), each playing unique roles in oncology care. One significant aspect is RT, guided by radiation oncologists (ROs). This paper serves as a detailed primer for non-oncologists, medical students, or non-clinical investigators, educating them on contemporary RT practices. Methods: This report follows the process of RT planning and execution. Starting from the decision-making in multidisciplinary teams to the completion of RT and subsequent patient follow-up, it aims to offer non-oncologists an understanding of the RO’s work in a comprehensive manner. Results: The first step in RT is a planning session that includes obtaining a CT scan of the area to be treated, known as the CT simulation. The patients are imaged in the exact position in which they will receive treatment. The second step, which is the primary source of uncertainty, involves the delineation of treatment targets and organs at risk (OAR). The objective is to ensure precise irradiation of the target volume while sparing the OARs as much as possible. Various radiation modalities, such as external beam therapy with electrons, photons, or particles (including protons and carbon ions), as well as brachytherapy, are utilized. Within these modalities, several techniques, such as three-dimensional conformal RT, intensity-modulated RT, volumetric modulated arc therapy, scattering beam proton therapy, and intensity-modulated proton therapy, are employed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. The RT plan development is an iterative process involving medical physicists, dosimetrists, and ROs. The complexity and time required vary, ranging from an hour to a week. Once approved, RT begins, with image-guided RT being standard practice for patient alignment. The RO manages acute toxicities during treatment and prepares a summary upon completion. There is a considerable variance in practices, with some ROs offering lifelong follow-up and managing potential late effects of treatment. Conclusions: Comprehension of RT clinical effects by non-oncologists providers significantly elevates long-term patient care quality. Hence, educating non-oncologists enhances care for RT patients, underlining this report’s importance.

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Section: Basics Of Medical Physics-radiation Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Primer on Radiation Oncology for Non-Radiation Oncologists

Beddok,

Lim,

Thariat

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…Namun, pengukuran distribusi dosis dua dimensi (2D) menggunakan ketiga dosimeter tersebut kurang efisien karena memerlukan waktu yang lama dalam perhitungan dosis. Dalam mencukupi kebutuhan pengukuran distribusi dosis 2D, film radiochromic telah sukses diaplikasikan dalam radioterapi eksternal maupun internal untuk sumber berkas foton, elektron, dan proton [7]. Salah satu tipenya yaitu film gafchromic, film ini mempunyai komposisi nomor atom efektif yang setara dengan jaringan, resolusi spasial tinggi, dan hasil pengukuran dapat tersimpan secara permanen [8].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Hasil penelitiannya diindikasi energi bergantung pada respon dosis pada film gafchromic EBT, setelah range pada berkas dari 50 KVp sampai 10 MVp kurang dari 10% [7]. Cheung et al, 2006, telah mendemostrasikan bahwa kurva kalibrasi film gafchromic EBT dipengaruhi ukuran lapangan dalam range 5×5 cm 2 sampai 40×40 cm 2 [8].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Karakteristik Dosimetri Film Gafchromic Ebt3 Pada Berkas Elektron Dan Foton

Ulya

Wibowo²,

Nuruddin³

et al. 2016

SPEKTRA

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AbstrakElektron energi tinggi bermanfaat dalam radioterapi target permukaan dapat pula digunakan sebagai eskalasi dosis sumber berkas foton. Dalam jaminan kualitas radioterapi membutuhkan dosimeteryang akurat, respon yang baik terhadapdosis dan energi, resolusi spasial tinggi serta ekuivalen dengan jaringan. Berdasarkan rekomendasi AAPM TG 55, film merupakan dosimeter utama dalam pengukuran sumber radioterapi. Saat ini, film dosimetri yang sering digunakan dalam keperluan pengukuran salah satunya yaitu film gafchromic EBT3, namun penelitian mengenai karakteristik dan respon dosis pada film gafchromic EBT3 masih terbatas. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dosimetri film EBT3 pada berkas elektron dan foton. Film EBT3 diradiasi pada lapangan 10×10cm 2 menggunakan berkas foton, elektron dan Cobalt-60 dengan rentang dosis (0-500 cGy). Scanner Epson V700 digunakan untuk pemindaian film dalam evaluasi pixel value. NetOD digunakan sebagai parameter untuk menganalisis karakteristik film EBT3. Nilai uncertainty pengaruh energi berada dalam rentang ±1.95% yang menunjukkan bahwa film EBT3 memiliki kebergantungan energi realtif kecil. Pemilihan channelscanner menunjukkan bahwa sensitifitas scannerpaling tinggi adalahRed channel.Pixel value dipengaruhi oleh rotasi film namun tidak oleh orientasi flipped. Pada penelitian ini, rotasi optimum dalam pemindaian film adalah posisi landscape. Kata kunci : dosimetri, film, netOD, uncertainty AbstractHigh energy electron used to treatment radiotherapy superficial target and dose booster photon beam. Quality assurance in radiotherapy required dosimeter which high spatial resolution, good response of doseand energy,and tissue equivalent. Based on the recommendation of AAPM TG 55, the film is primarily dosimeter measurement radiotherapy sources. Recently, film dosimetry usually used in the measurement which one is EBT3 film, however, research about the characteristic and dose response of EBT3 filmare limited. In this study, film EBT3 response on doses and energies variation using electron and photon beams is investigated. Gafchromic EBT3 film was irradiated using electron and photon also cobalt-60 beam energies. In each energy was given 0 -500 cGy doses. Film scanning post-irradiation over a period of 72 hours using EPSON V700 and ImageJ were used to film evaluate. NetOD as the parameter to the analysis of EBT3 film characteristics. Uncertainty was required in the range of ±1.95%. Dose responses of the EBT3 film have small energy dependence..Flipped orientation not dependence on the pixel value but rotation orientation dependence for pixel value in EBT3. From this research, we recommended landscape orientation in EBT3 film scanning.

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“…Berkas elektron memiliki distribusi dosis yang uniform di permukaan sehingga sering digunakan sebagai terapi kanker terutama di permukaan tubuh [1]. Kanker yang lokasinya dekat dengan organ sehat memerlukan terapi menggunakan lapangan yang kecil [2], [3].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Faktor keluaran ditentukan dengan rasio perbandingan antara nilai hasil GAMBAR 1. Skema pengaturan dalam penentuan dan pengukuran keluaran pada kedalaman referensi zref dan kedalaman maksimum zmax [1] pengukuran pada kedalaman maksimum (zmax) dan nilai hasil pengukuran pada kedalaman referensi (zref). Keluaran kedua detektor tersebut diukur pada kedalaman maksimum (zmax) yang sama yang telah diukur sebelumnya dengan menggunakan Exradin ion chamber A11 plan-paralel pada semua ukuran luas lapangan dan energi berkas elektron.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Penentuan Faktor Keluaran Berkas Elektron Lapangan Kecil Pada Pesawat Linear Accelerator

Wulandari

Wibowo

Pawiro

2016

SPEKTRA

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AbstrakBerkas elektron memiliki distribusi dosis yang uniform di permukaan sehingga sering digunakan sebagai terapi kanker di permukaan tubuh. Kanker yang lokasinya dekat dengan organ sehat memerlukan terapi menggunakan lapangan yang kecil, sehingga dosimetri yang akurat untuk berkas elektron lapangan kecil menjadi suatu tantangan tersendiri. Pengukuran keluaran berkas elektron dilakukan dengan menggunakan detektor Exradin ion chamber A11 plan-paralel dan film gafchromic EBT-3 yang diletakkan pada slab solid water phantom pada kedalaman referensi (zref) dan kedalaman maksimum (zmax). Kedua detektor diradiasi dengan berkas elektron energi 6, 8, 10, 12, dan 15 MeV pada lapangan berukuran 1 x 1, 2 x 2, 3 x 3, 5 x 5, 8 x 8, dan 10 x10 cm2 yang terbuat dari cerrobend. Faktor keluaran ditentukan dengan rasio perbandingan antara hasil pengukuran pada kedalaman maksimum (zmax) dan hasil pengukuran pada kedalaman referensi (zref). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa penurunan faktor keluaran sebanding dengan penurunan energi dan luas lapangan berkas elektron. Terdapat juga perbedaan nilai hasil keluaran kedua detektor tersebut diantaranya maksimum sebesar 78.3% -85.7% pada lapangan 1 X 1, dan minimum sebesar 0.15 % -0.66% pada 8 X 8 disemua energi, sehingga detektor film gafchromic EBT-3 sanngat baik digunakan untuk pengukuran berkas elektron lapangan kecil. Kata-kata kunci: Berkas elektron, Lapangan kecil, Faktor keluaran, ion chamber plan-paralel, Film gafchromic EBR-3 AbstractThe electron beam has a uniform dose distribution on the surface so it is often used as a cancer therapy, especially at the body surface. Cancers that are located close to organs at risk require treatment using a small field, so that accurate dosimetry for electron beam small field becomes a challenge. Output measurement performed using electron beam detector Exradin ion chamber A11 plan-parallel and gafchromic film EBT-3 placed on slab of solid water phantom at the depth of the reference (zref) and maximum depth (zmax). Both of detector is irradiated with an electron beam energy of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 MeV in the field of small square shaped measuring 1 x 1, 2 x 2, 3 x 3, 5 x 5, 8 x 8 and 10 x 10 cm2 made of cerrobend. Output factors is determined by the ratio between the measurement results at a maximum depth (zmax) and the measurement results on the reference depth (zref). The results obtained show that the decline in output factor proportional to a decrease field size and comprehensive energy electron beam. There are also differences in the value of the output of the two detectors are among a maximum of 78.3% -85.7% on field 1 X 1, and a minimum of 0.15% -0.66% on 8 X 8 in all the energy, so that the detector movie gafchromic EBT-3 sanngat well used for measurement electron beam pitch.

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A comparison of TPS and different measurement techniques in small-field electron beams

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

A Comprehensive Primer on Radiation Oncology for Non-Radiation Oncologists

A Comprehensive Primer on Radiation Oncology for Non-Radiation Oncologists

Karakteristik Dosimetri Film Gafchromic Ebt3 Pada Berkas Elektron Dan Foton

Penentuan Faktor Keluaran Berkas Elektron Lapangan Kecil Pada Pesawat Linear Accelerator

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