A comparison of triclosan and chlorhexidine preparations with 60 per cent isopropyl alcohol for hygienic hand disinfection

Bartzokas, C. A.; Gibson, M.F.; Graham, Robert H.; Pinder, D. C.

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(83)90025-7

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…From another in-vivo study on hands, 0.5% triclosan in 70% isopropanol (Manusept), was signi®cantly more active against E. coli than 60% isopropyl alcohol and 0.5% chlorhexidine in 60% isopropanol [20]. In the present ex-vivo study 0.5% triclosan in 70% isopropanol was signi®cantly more active than 70% isopropanol alone and than any of the other three biocides investigated after 1 min contact time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

Messager¹,

Goddard

Dettmar

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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There are many skin antiseptics commercially available. Although their antibacterial activity has often been well studied [1], their potential effectiveness on skin remains poorly documented. To date, in-vivo protocols designed for the testing of the antimicrobial ef®cacy of antiseptics cannot use, for ethical reasons, pathogenic bacteria or new formulations whose toxicity in human subjects is unknown. An`ex-vivo' test was recently developed to overcome these problems. Freshly excised human skin from abdominal or breast reduction was placed in a diffusion cell containing a maintenance medium in the recipient compartment. A bacterial inoculum was then applied to the stratum corneum and, after a drying step, antiseptic formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Several micro-organisms were investigated: ± Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, vancomycinresistant Ent. faecium (VRE), S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ± with several biocides ± para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX, active compound of Dettol), povidone iodine, triclosan (in isopropanol) and chlorhexidine. Results from the ex-vivo test were compared with results obtained in suspension and glass-carrier tests. The bactericidal activity of the biocides depended upon the test performed and results were generally signi®cantly different from one method to the other. All biocides tested in the suspension test achieved >4 log 10 reduction in viable bacterial concentrations, apart from povidone iodine tested against Ent. faecalis and VRE. The antibacterial activity of biocides tested in the glass-carrier test was signi®cantly lower than in the suspension test, with the exception of triclosan in isopropanol, which was as effective in both suspension and glass-carrier test. In the ex-vivo test, triclosan in isopropanol achieved a log 10 reduction in viable bacterial concentration of 1.105±1.771 (with the exception of P. aeruginosa with 0.758 log 10 reduction). PCMX, povidone iodine and chlorhexidine achieved log 10 reductions in viable bacterial concentration of 0.303±0.901. Chlorhexidine tested against P. aeruginosa produced a 1.94 log 10 reduction in concentration. These results con®rm previous observations about the need for testing the antimicrobial activity of antiseptics on skin surface to determine their in-situ ef®cacy and encourage further the use of the ex-vivo protocol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

Messager¹,

Goddard

Dettmar

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The majority of studies of alcohols have evaluated individual alcohols in varying concentrations. Other studies have focused on combinations of two alcohols or alcohol solutions containing limited amounts of hexachlorophene, quaternary ammonium compounds, povidone-iodine, triclosan, or chlorhexidine gluconate (61,93,(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118)(119).…”

Section: Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Scenario based Hand Hygiene Education Program on Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Hand Hygiene Perception, Hand Hygiene Compliance and Hand Hygiene Method in Nursing Students<sup>*</sup>

Hwang¹,

Park²

2016

J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs

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“…Table I.11.6 summarizes a number of studies that have compared alcohol-based products with plain or antimicrobial soaps to determine which was more effective for standard handwashing or hand antisepsis by HCWs (for details see Part I, Section 11.13). 88,125,137,221,223,[273][274][275][276][277][278][279]286,[313][314][315][316][317][318][319][320][321] The efficacy of alcohol-based hand hygiene products is affected by a number of factors including the type of alcohol used, concentration of alcohol, contact time, volume of alcohol used, and whether the hands are wet when the alcohol is applied. Small volumes (0.2-0.5 ml) of alcohol applied to the hands are no more effective than washing hands with plain soap and water.…”

Section: Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations are given as either percentage of volume (= ml/100 ml, abbreviated % v/v), percentage of weight (= g/100 g, abbreviated % m/m), or percentage of weight/volume (= g/100 ml, abbreviated % m/v). Studies of alcohols have evaluated either individual alcohols in varying concentrations (most studies), combinations of two alcohols, or alcohol solutions containing small amounts of hexachlorophene, quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), povidone-iodine, triclosan or CHG. 137,221,[267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275][276][277][278][279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286] The antimicrobial activity of alcohols results from their ability to denature proteins. 287 Alcohol solutions containing 60-80% alcohol are most effective, with higher concentrations being less potent.…”

Section: Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand Hygiene

Longtin¹,

Sax²,

Allegranzi³

et al. 2011

N Engl J Med

108

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A comparison of triclosan and chlorhexidine preparations with 60 per cent isopropyl alcohol for hygienic hand disinfection

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

The Effect of a Scenario based Hand Hygiene Education Program on Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Hand Hygiene Perception, Hand Hygiene Compliance and Hand Hygiene Method in Nursing Students<sup>*</sup>

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