In this work, monomeric and dimeric species of α-and β-cellulose were vibrationally characterized by using theoretical calculations derived from the density functional theory (DFT) and the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. Here, the experimental available FT-IR and Raman spectra and the experimental available structure for the β-form were used in order to perform the assignments of the 129 normal vibration modes for both α-and β-cellulose forms. Raman bands and shoulders at 1258, 1153, 1123, 918, 907, 897, 864, 744, 727, 721, 483 and 281 cm -1 could probably support the presence of two proposed dimeric species of cellulose in the solid state. The structural properties reveal differences between both monomeric α-and β-cellulose species mainly evidenced by their molecular electrostatic potentials. The high dipole moment values and the higher populations for the β-form could support the major proportion found experimentally for this form. The volume contraction observed for the β-dimer could be related to their lower dipole moment in solution in relation to that observed in the gas phase. The reduction of the glycosidic angles for both forms in solution support their rigid structures, as was experimentally observed. The atomic charges on the O atoms belonging to the glucopyranose rings and to the glycosidic bonds (O33) present the lower values. The NBO and AIM studies suggest the presence of α-and β-cellulose in the two media but the major quantity of H bonds predicted for the β-form and their high donor-acceptor interaction values could support their most important proportion existent of this form in the earth. Similar reactivities were found in gas phase but the α-form is more reactive in solution than the other one probably because the electrophilicity and nucleophilicity for the β-form show lower values than the α ones.