“…Complex thinking and transfer, as promoted by teachers, are crucial in developing students' critical thinking skills necessary for success in today's globalized and information-rich society (Gochitashvili & Shabashvili, 2021) that are deemed essential for success in a globalized and information-rich society (Bezanilla, Galindo-Domínguez, & Poblete, 2021). By encouraging the application of ideas (Butcher, 2022) and offering transformative education (Bernardo & Ramos, 2022), teachers empower students to think critically, solve problems, and apply their knowledge effectively. Maintaining a conducive learning environment is vital for teachers, as it has a significant impact on student engagement, motivation, student-teacher relationships (Amanda, 2020), well-being (Miller, 2017), participation, and teacher professional development (Maoto, 2014).…”