A complex gene superfamily encodes actin in petunia.

Baird, W. V.; Meagher, Richard B.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02639.x

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In soybean, the actin gene family encodes at least three subclasses of actin, which are more divergent from one another than vertebrate cytoplasmic actin is from muscle actin (Hightower and Meagher, 1986). Similar observations have been reported in severa1 other plant species (Baird and Meagher, 1987;Drouin and Dover, 1990;McElroyet al, 1990a;Thangavelu et al, 1993). Quantitative evolutionary studies suggest that the different actin subclasses diverged very early in vascular plant evolution, perhaps 300 to 500 million years ago (Hightower and Meagher, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Conserved expression of the Arabidopsis ACT1 and ACT 3 actin subclass in organ primordia and mature pollen.

Huang

McDowell

et al. 1996

Plant Cell

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We have proposed that ancient and divergent classes of plant actin genes have been preserved throughout vascular plant evolution, because they have distinct patterns of gene regulation. The hypothesis was explored for AC7Y and ACT3, which represent one of the six ancient subclasses in the Arabidopsis actin gene family. Comparison of AC7Y and ACT3 cDNA and genomic sequences revealed highly divergent flanking and intron sequences, whereas they encoded nearly identical proteins. Quantification of their leve1 of divergence suggests that they have not shared a common ancestor for 30 to 60 million years. Gene-specific FINA gel blot hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the distribution of AC7Y and ACT3 mRNAs was very similar: both preferentially accumulated at high levels in mature pollen and at very low levels in the other major organs. The 5' flanking regions of both genes, including the promoter, leader exon and intron, and thefirst 19 codons, werefused to the P-giucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The expression of these reporter fusions was examined in a large number of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Histochemical assays demonstrated that both ACTT-GUS and ACT3-GUS constructs were expressed preferentially in pollen, pollen tubes, and in all organ primordia, including those in roots, shoots, and the inflorescence. Comparison of the 5' flanking regions of AC7Y and ACT3 revealed a number of short conserved sequences, which may direct their common transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The expression patterns observed were distinct from those of any other Arabidopsis actin subclass. The conservation of their expression pattern and amino acid sequences suggests that this actin subclass plays a distinct and required role in the plant cytoskeleton.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Conserved expression of the Arabidopsis ACT1 and ACT 3 actin subclass in organ primordia and mature pollen.

Huang

McDowell

et al. 1996

Plant Cell

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show abstract

“…In Arabidopsis, the actin gene family contains 10 distinct members, of which eight are functional genes and two are pseudogenes . In other plant species, the actin gene family also appears to have dozens of members (Baird and Meagher, 1987;Thangavelu et al, 1993;Meagher and Williamson, 1994). Studies on actin sequences revealed that structural and functional divergence occurred within the gene family during evolution Meagher et al, 1999a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cotton ACTIN1 Gene Is Functionally Expressed in Fibers and Participates in Fiber Elongation

et al. 2005

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Single-celled cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum) provides a unique experimental system to study cell elongation. To investigate the role of the actin cytoskeleton during fiber development, 15 G. hirsutum ACTIN (GhACT) cDNA clones were characterized. RNA gel blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that GhACT genes are differentially expressed in different tissues and can be classified into four groups. One group, represented by GhACT1, is expressed predominantly in fiber cells and was studied in detail. A 0.8-kb GhACT1 promoter sufficient to confirm its fiber-specific expression was identified. RNA interference of GhACT1 caused significant reduction of its mRNA and protein levels and disrupted the actin cytoskeleton network in fibers. No defined actin network was observed in these fibers and, consequently, fiber elongation was inhibited. Our results suggested that GhACT1 plays an important role in fiber elongation but not fiber initiation

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“…those which alter the amino acid sequence) (Hightower and Meagher, 1986). Plant actin gene families tend to be large and may contain more than 100 members (Baird and Meagher, 1987;Drouin and Dover, 1990;McEIroy et al, 1990a;Shah et aL, 1983). Plant actins are also well conserved, and show about 12-15% RNS when compared with animal actins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong, constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis ACT2/ACT8 actin subclass in vegetative tissues

et al. 1996

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SummaryArabidopsis has a complex and ancient actin gene family encoding six divergent subclasses of proteins. One subclass is represented by ACT2 and ACT8, which encode nearly identical proteins. These two genes differ significantly in flanking and intron sequences and in silent nucleotide positions within codons. Gene-specific RNA gel blot hybridization and reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays showed that ACT2 and/or ACT8 mRNAs were coordinately and strongly expressed in leaves, roots, stems, flowers, pollen, and siliques. Together they account for greater than 80% of the actin mRNA in most Arabidopsis organs. The 5' flanking regions, including the promoter, the mRNA leader exon, an intron in the mRNA leader, and the first 19 codons, were coupled to a 13-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and transformed into Arabidopsis. The ACT2/GUS construct was expressed strongly in nearly all the vegetative tissues in seedlings, juvenile plants, and mature plants. These activities persisted in older tissues. Little or no expression was observed in seed coats, hypocotyls, gynoecia, or pollen sacs. In contrast, the expression of the ACT8/GUS construct was weaker. It was observed only in a subset of the organs and tissues expressing ACT2/GUS and was not significantly expressed in the flower. ACT2, ACT8, and ACT8/GUS mRNAs were present at moderate to high levels in pollen, and yet neither ACT2/GUS nor ACT8/GUS enzyme expression could be detected in pollen.This suggested a mechanism of translational control affecting ACT2 and ACT8 expression in some tissues. The conservation of protein sequence and overlapping patterns of expression, in spite of significant DNA sequence divergence, suggests that the function and regulation of these two genes have been conserved during the evolution of the Brassicaceae.

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A complex gene superfamily encodes actin in petunia.

Cited by 57 publications

References 56 publications

Conserved expression of the Arabidopsis ACT1 and ACT 3 actin subclass in organ primordia and mature pollen.

Conserved expression of the Arabidopsis ACT1 and ACT 3 actin subclass in organ primordia and mature pollen.

The Cotton ACTIN1 Gene Is Functionally Expressed in Fibers and Participates in Fiber Elongation

Strong, constitutive expression of the Arabidopsis ACT2/ACT8 actin subclass in vegetative tissues

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