A composite catalyst of reduced black TiO<sub>2−x</sub>/CNT: a highly efficient counter electrode for ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Zhang, Chunyang; Xie, Yahong; Ma, Jing; Hu, Jing; Zhang, Cancan

doi:10.1039/c5cc07284k

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, the thicknesses of the various SCP/MWCNTs composite electrodes were around 20–25 μm, as shown in Figure S9, Supporting Information, which should have no obvious influence on the electrochemical performance of these electrodes. It was also found that DSSCs with pure MWCNTs cathode displayed a PCE of 3.71%, which was comparable with the results reported in the literature (2.69%, 2.87%, and 3.94%) . It indicates that the commercial MWCNTs without any special treatment should not be a high‐performance electrocatalyst for IRR.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

An Intrinsically Conductive Phosphorus‐Doped Perovskite Oxide as a New Cathode for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Providing Internal Conducting Pathways

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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State‐of‐the‐art dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) usually use the noble and scarce platinum (Pt) cathode, which strongly limits the practical applications of DSSCs. Accordingly, low‐cost, highly active, and stable alternatives to Pt are highly desired. Herein, an intrinsically conductive perovskite oxide is reported as a new cathode for DSSCs using a simple nonmetal element doping strategy. The phosphorus‐doped perovskite oxide (SrCo0.95P0.05O3−δ [SCP]) shows superior activity/durability for the triiodide (I3−) reduction reaction (IRR) and structural stability relative to the parent compound (SrCoO3−δ [SC]) due to the greatly enhanced electrical conductivity and the stabilization of the perovskite structure. The internal conducting pathways are demonstrated to be very important to obtain high IRR activity of the perovskite cathode, even when the cathode is incorporated with conductive multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The DSSC with the N719 dye and SCP/MWCNTs cathode displays a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.1% to those with Pt (8.11%) and SC/MWCNTs (6.80%) cathodes. In addition, the DSSC with the C101 dye and SCP/MWCNTs cathode shows an attractive PCE of 12.2% with an enhancement of 23%, as compared with the Pt cathode, suggesting that the SCP/MWCNTs composite can be one of the best substitutions to the Pt cathode, which can benefit the future industrialization of DSSCs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

An Intrinsically Conductive Phosphorus‐Doped Perovskite Oxide as a New Cathode for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Providing Internal Conducting Pathways

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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“…[ 118 ] Similarly, chen et al reported the PbS/ CdS quantum dot co-sensitized solar cells using hydrogenated TiO 2 nanorod arrays as photoanodes, which achieved a energy conversion effi ciency 1.5 times higher than that of pristine TiO 2 nanowire based cells. [ 153 ] This material demonstrated [ 144 ] Copyright 2014, Elsevier. [ 153 ] This material demonstrated [ 144 ] Copyright 2014, Elsevier.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, chen et al reported the PbS/CdS quantum dot co‐sensitized solar cells using hydrogenated TiO 2 nanorod arrays as photoanodes, which achieved a energy conversion efficiency 1.5 times higher than that of pristine TiO 2 nanowire based cells . Zhang et al synthesized a composite catalyst of reduced black TiO 2– x /carbon nanotube through a simple sol‐gel method, and applied it as a counter electrode (CE) in ZnO‐based DSSCs . This material demonstrated notable electrocatalytic activity for I 3 − reduction, and the resultant DSSCs achieved a PCE of 5.71% …”

Section: Photocatalytic Performances Of Black Titaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al synthesized a composite catalyst of reduced black TiO 2– x /carbon nanotube through a simple sol‐gel method, and applied it as a counter electrode (CE) in ZnO‐based DSSCs . This material demonstrated notable electrocatalytic activity for I 3 − reduction, and the resultant DSSCs achieved a PCE of 5.71% …”

Section: Photocatalytic Performances Of Black Titaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Black Titania: A New Material for Advanced Photocatalysis

Liu

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

288

190

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excited charges should separate from each other and migrate to the surface to perform photocatalytic reactions, before they are annihilated in the recombination process. [ 3,17,18 ] Nevertheless, TiO 2 has a wide bandgap of 3.0−3.2 eV for the three common natural polymorphs -anatase, rutile and brookite. [ 8 ] That limits the optical absorption of TiO 2 in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the solar spectrum, resulting in insuffi cient utilization of solar energy (less than 5%). Another hurdle for TiO 2 material in the photo-chemical applications is its low quantum effi ciency that results from its high recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. [ 16,18 ] Therefore, improving the optical absorption properties and reducing electron-hole recombination of TiO 2 are expected to be signifi cant for superior photoactivity.Various strategies have been adopted to tune TiO 2 's optical and electronic properties to improve its visible-light photoactivity. For example, metal ions (Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, …) or non-metal ions (N, S, C, I, …) are doped in the titania matrix to induce mid-gap states or to narrow the bandgap of TiO 2 , aiming to enhance its visible-light response. [ 3,17 ] Doping with open-shell metals is claimed to be benefi cial for red-shifting TiO 2 photochemistry into the visible, while closed shell cation dopants have no photochemical benefi t. Some d -block transition metal doping often generates deeply localized d -states in the forbidden bandgap of TiO 2 and results in recombination centers for carriers. [ 3,19 ] For the incorporation of non-metal ions, heavy doping is always diffi cult due to the large differences in chemistry between the alien ions and O 2− in titania, thus the visible light absorption is not signifi cantly enhanced. [ 20 ] Dye-sensitized or noble metal nanodots decorated TiO 2 nanostructures have been largely designed to enhanced its optical properties and to improve the charge separation effi ciency. [ 6,9,15,17,21 ] Additionally, charge separation in TiO 2 is believed to be effi ciently improved by forming heterojunctions with other semiconductors, such as metal oxides and chalcogenides. [ 6,22 ] In 2011, a hydrogenated black titania with a narrowed bandgap of ≈1.5 eV was reported to boost the full spectrum sunlight absorption and the photocatalytic activity. [ 23 ] This discovery has triggered world-wide scientifi c interests in black TiO 2 nanomaterials. [ 8 ] Black TiO 2 is featured by selfstructural modifi cations, involving self-doped Ti 3+ /oxygen vacancy, or incorporation of H-doping. [ 5,8 ] Owing to these modifi cations, their crystal and electronic structures as well as the surface property are signifi cantly changed, and the most marked effect is the color changing. The intrinsic TiO 2The photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 has aroused a broad range of research effort since 1972. Although TiO 2 has a very high effi ciency in utilizing ultraviolet light, its overall solar activity is very limited due to its wide bandgap (≈3.0−3.2 eV). This is a bottleneck for TiO 2 to...

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“…While IR spectra of the resulted MWNTs/ZnO nanocomposites reveal the different surface chemistry of MWCNTs and the MWNTs/ZnO nanocomposites. It can be observed that there are another two weak peaks around 3516 and 3948 cm -1 , which can be assigned to the stretching vibrations of OH groups (14)(15)(16) . Compared with the IR spectra of MWCNTs, the two peaks at 2368 and 2337 cm -1 became narrower and the two bands around 1706, 1130 cm -1 are lower in the composite than those of pure MWCNTs.…”

Section: Fig 1 Xrd Patterns Of Mwcnts and Mwcnts /Zno Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated ZnO Nanocomposite

2016

Egypt. J. Chem.

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ULTI-WALLED carbon nanotubes decorated Zinc oxide ..........(MWCNTs/ZnO) nanocomposites with ratio of (99: 1 wt %) was prepared using sol gel method. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) showed that the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposites was synthesized with particle size ranging from 2-7 nm and crystalline size about 7nm. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images demonstrate that ZnO had grown on the walls of MWCNTs were uniformed layer in the shape of thin film layer of nanospheres covering the surface of the tubes, also the energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) and Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) prove the presence of ZnO without any impurities.

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A composite catalyst of reduced black TiO_2−x/CNT: a highly efficient counter electrode for ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

An Intrinsically Conductive Phosphorus‐Doped Perovskite Oxide as a New Cathode for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Providing Internal Conducting Pathways

An Intrinsically Conductive Phosphorus‐Doped Perovskite Oxide as a New Cathode for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Providing Internal Conducting Pathways

Progress in Black Titania: A New Material for Advanced Photocatalysis

Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated ZnO Nanocomposite

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A composite catalyst of reduced black TiO2−x/CNT: a highly efficient counter electrode for ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

An Intrinsically Conductive Phosphorus‐Doped Perovskite Oxide as a New Cathode for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Providing Internal Conducting Pathways

An Intrinsically Conductive Phosphorus‐Doped Perovskite Oxide as a New Cathode for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Providing Internal Conducting Pathways

Progress in Black Titania: A New Material for Advanced Photocatalysis

Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated ZnO Nanocomposite

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Product

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A composite catalyst of reduced black TiO_2−x/CNT: a highly efficient counter electrode for ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells