A Composite Elastic Conductor with High Dynamic Stability Based on 3D‐Calabash Bunch Conductive Network Structure for Wearable Devices

Yu, Zhe; Shang, Jie; Niu, Xiaodi; Liu, Yiwei; Liu, Gang; Dhanapal, Pravarthana; Zheng, Yanan; Yang, Huali; Wu, Yuanzhao; Zhou, Youlin; Wang, Yuxin; Tang, Daxiu; Li, Run-Wei

doi:10.1002/aelm.201800137

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Firstly, the Joule heating performance of six MWEs (MWE 32 wt%, MWE 35 wt%, MWE 38 wt%, MWE 38 wt%-H (1) , MWE 38 wt%-H (2) , and MWE 38 wt%-H (3) ) at 1, 2, 3, and 4 V are tested ( Figure S9, Supporting Information). The test length of the MWEs as a heater is 30 mm, the duration of the applied voltage is 100 s, and the maximum monitored temperature of the FLIR C3 is 180 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the Joule heating performance of six MWEs (MWE 32 wt%, MWE 35 wt%, MWE 38 wt%, MWE 38 wt%-H (1) , MWE 38 wt%-H (2) , and MWE 38 wt%-H (3) ) at 1, 2, 3, and 4 V are tested ( Figure S9, Supporting Information). The actual heating areas of MWE 38 wt%, MWE 38 wt%-H (1) , MWE 38 wt%-H (2) , and MWE 38 wt%-H (3) are 3, 0.84, 1.39, and 2.3 cm 2 , respectively. The effect of the SC of Ag FDs in the conductive layer on the MWE heating performance is studied and shown in Figure 6a,c (I-III).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), flexible wearable electronics have attracted widespread attention, including conductors, [1][2][3] sensors, [4][5][6] and heater devices. [7][8][9] As the key and primary component of wearable electronics, flexible and stretchable conductors are widely used in soft light-emitting devices, [10] sensors, [11,12] and energy devices, [13][14][15] which can be developed to fabricate the flexible strain sensors and heaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] As the key and primary component of wearable electronics, flexible and stretchable conductors are widely used in soft light-emitting devices, [10] sensors, [11,12] and energy devices, [13][14][15] which can be developed to fabricate the flexible strain sensors and heaters. [1,2,16] And strain sensors are the monitoring devices that can be applied to human joint motion monitoring, human health monitoring, e-skin, and human-machine interaction. [17][18][19][20] Heaters based on Joule heating also have great application prospects in the fields of hyperthermia, joint pain relief, and thermochromism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) The relative resistance change of the I) MWE 32 wt%, II) MWE35 wt%, and III) MWE 38 wt% during the last 30% strain release process. c) The relative resistance change as a function of strain during one stretching/release cycle for the IV) MWE 38 wt%-H(1) , V) MWE 38 wt%-H(2) , VI) MWE 38 wt%-H(3) . d) The relative resistance change of the IV) MWE 38 wt%-H(1) , V) MWE 38 wt%-H(2) , VI) MWE 38 wt%-H (3) during the last 30% strain release process.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional Ultrastretchable Printed Soft Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications

Tian

Luo

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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the researchers are beginning to introduce some features (such as the flexibility, bendability, self-healing, stretchability, sensing function, heater management) into the single electronic device to achieve the multifunctional integrated electronic systems. [7,22,[24][25][26][27] Therefore, multifunctionality becomes a major trend in flexible wearable electronics, which can effectively reduce production costs and save space.Interestingly, the flexible conductors, resistive-type strain sensors, and Joule heaters have similar device structures, making it possible to integrate all these functions in one device. [28,29] Recently, Souri and Bhattacharyya reported highly stretchable multifunctional wearable electronics (MWEs) based on conductive wool fabrics coated with graphene nanoplatelets and carbon black, which possessed sensing and heating performance. [7] However, owing to the high initial resistance (1.22 ± 0.15 KΩ), the MWEs require a high load voltage of 20 V to heat up to 103 °C, and its gauge factor (GF) is less than 0.5. [7] Cai and coauthors prepared MWEs based on carbon nanotube (CNT)/ cotton/spandex composite yarn that can be stretched to 350%, but also exhibit low sensitivity and poor heating performance (heated to 105 °C at 10 V). [8] Therefore, it is still a challenge to obtain the MWEs with high stretchability, good sensitivity, and excellent low-voltage driving heating performance.The electrical conductivity determines the performance of conductors and low-voltage driving heaters, in par with the sensitivity of resistive-type strain sensors. Compared with the carbon-based materials (such as graphene, [30] CNTs, [5] and carbonized fibers [31] ), the metallic nanomaterials, especially of silver nanomaterials (including Ag nanowires, Ag flakes) usually have superior electrical conductivity. [32][33][34] Among in silver nanomaterials, silver fractal dendrites (Ag FDs) with unique branch structure could obtain high conductivity at lower sintering temperature (<80 °C). The unique structure of Ag FDs provides larger surface area, which is beneficial to maintain the connection of conductive path under tensile strain. [9,28,35] In our previous works, the preparation process of the Ag FDs is simple and fast, enabling mass production. [9,28] Therefore, the Ag FDs is an ideal conductive material for fabricating the MWEs with high conductivity, excellent sensing performance and Joule heating performance.Another challenge is to exploit a simple and fast way to fabricate the high-performance MWEs. Conductors, resistivetype strain sensors and heaters have simple and similar device Multifunctionality is a major development trend in flexible stretchable wearable electronics, requiring integration of electrical conductivity, sensing performance, and heating management on a portable electronic device. Herein, the silver fractal dendrites (Ag FDs) conductive ink is formulated and deposited into the polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (SIS) thin films by a simple and cost-effective transfer-printing method...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the Joule heating performance of six MWEs (MWE 32 wt%, MWE 35 wt%, MWE 38 wt%, MWE 38 wt%-H (1) , MWE 38 wt%-H (2) , and MWE 38 wt%-H (3) ) at 1, 2, 3, and 4 V are tested ( Figure S9, Supporting Information). The actual heating areas of MWE 38 wt%, MWE 38 wt%-H (1) , MWE 38 wt%-H (2) , and MWE 38 wt%-H (3) are 3, 0.84, 1.39, and 2.3 cm 2 , respectively. The effect of the SC of Ag FDs in the conductive layer on the MWE heating performance is studied and shown in Figure 6a,c (I-III).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifunctional Ultrastretchable Printed Soft Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications

Tian

Luo

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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Stretchable Microwave Transmission Lines Using Liquid‐Metal Embedded Elastomers

et al. 2022

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The characterization of an RF transmitter composed of insulating and conducting regions of liquid‐metal embedded elastomer (LMEE) is presented along with in situ measurements of LMEE microstrip lines as they are subjected to local material strains up to 40%. The LMEE is comprised of microscale droplets of a gallium–indium alloy that is liquid at room temperature and suspended within a cured elastomer matrix of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The liquid metal microparticles were initially electrically isolated, but applying mechanical loading caused the permanent formation of highly localized conductive traces. Bonding films of LMEE onto a PDMS dielectric layer resulted in a stretchable microstrip structure that is capable of radio frequency (RF) transmission. Scattering parameter (S‐parameter) measurements for reflection and transmission are presented for these microstrip lines as the electrical length increased up to 19%. A customized clamp was utilized to isolate the mechanical strain on the material from the electrical connectors and allow for transmission line characterization under applied strain and dielectric characterization of the LMEE material was performed. The stretchable microstrip lines show remarkable consistency in transmission response at 0.5–5 GHz when mechanically loaded to 40% strain for 1000 loading cycles.

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All‐Printed Flexible and Stretchable Electronics with Pressing or Freezing Activatable Liquid‐Metal–Silicone Inks

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

169

162

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Liquid‐metal (LM)‐based flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted widespread interest in wearable computing, human–machine interaction, and soft robotics. However, many current examples are one‐off prototypes, whereas future implementation requires mass production. To address this critical challenge, an integrated multimaterial 3D printing process composed of direct ink writing (DIW) of sealing silicone elastomer and special LM‐silicone (LMS) inks for manufacturing high‐performance LM‐based flexible and stretchable electronics is presented. The LMS ink is a concentrated mixture of LM microdroplets and silicone elastomer and exhibits excellent printability for DIW printing. Guided by a verified theoretical model, a printing process with high resolution and high speed can be easily implemented. Although LMS is not initially conductive, it can be activated by pressing or freezing. Activated LMS possesses good conductivity and significant electrical response to strain. Owing to LMS's unique structure, LMS‐embedded flexible electronics exhibit great damage mitigation, in that no leaking occurs even when damaged. To demonstrate the flexibility of this process in fabricating LM‐based flexible electronics, multilayer soft circuits, strain sensors, and data gloves are printed and investigated. Notably, utilizing LMS's unique activating property, some functional circuits such as one‐time pressing/freezing‐on switch can be printed without any structural design.

show abstract

A Composite Elastic Conductor with High Dynamic Stability Based on 3D‐Calabash Bunch Conductive Network Structure for Wearable Devices

Cited by 63 publications

References 85 publications

Multifunctional Ultrastretchable Printed Soft Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications

Multifunctional Ultrastretchable Printed Soft Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications

Stretchable Microwave Transmission Lines Using Liquid‐Metal Embedded Elastomers

All‐Printed Flexible and Stretchable Electronics with Pressing or Freezing Activatable Liquid‐Metal–Silicone Inks

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