A comprehensive investigation of the mechanical behavior and the dielectrics of pure polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA with graphene (GnP) in fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Vidakis, Nectarios; Petousis, Markos; Savvakis, K.; Maniadi, Athena; Koudoumas, E.

doi:10.1007/s12588-019-09248-1

Cited by 66 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…PLA exhibits a great behavior when it is used in composites, either as matrix or as a component in a polymer blend system [ 2 ]. PLA composites with fillers such as micro-scale fibers, nano- or micro-scaled additives have been suggested for implementation in medical devices [ 3 ], in the construction sector [ 4 ] and many applications requiring advanced mechanical and thermal properties [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], or even with specific dielectric behavior, with the addition of appropriate fillers [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This potential of AM process in combination with bio-based materials, such as the PLA, creates a research need for the development of advanced composite materials. PLA has been thoroughly studied and it is continually under development with a large variety of fillers [2,8,21] and applications related to 3D printing for the development of composites with antimicrobial properties [22]. Polylactide is a famous polymer used in 3D printing, with an "easy-to-print" behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid with Optimized Nano Silica Content

et al. 2021

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The scope of this work was to create, with melt mixing compounding process, novel nanocomposite filaments with enhanced properties that industry can benefit from, using commercially available materials, to enhance the performance of three-dimensional (3D) printed structures fabricated via fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were selected as fillers for a polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic matrix at various weight % (wt.%) concentrations, namely, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 wt.%. Tensile, flexural and impact test specimens were 3D printed and tested according to international standards and their Vickers microhardness was also examined. It was proven that SiO2 filler enhanced the overall strength at concentrations up to 1 wt.%, compared to pure PLA. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the produced nanocomposite extruded filaments roughness. Raman spectroscopy was performed for the 3D printed nanocomposites to verify the polymer nanocomposite structure, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the 3D printed samples’ thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out for the interlayer fusion and fractography morphological characterization of the specimens. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the produced nanocomposites were investigated with a screening process, to evaluate their performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid with Optimized Nano Silica Content

et al. 2021

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“…Typical materials as filaments used in Fused Filament Fabrication nowadays are engineering thermoplastic polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA) [14] and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [15][16][17][18][19][20], with extensive literature available for their mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Literature is not yet enriched enough with data on the mechanical and thermal properties of semi-crystalline materials such as polyamide 6/66/12 (PA 6/66/12) used for 3D printing via FFF, with only a few reports available on the tensile strength and impact strength [21][22][23] as well as on the flexural strength [24].…”

Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyamide 12 over Multiple Recycling Processes

et al. 2021

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Plastic waste reduction and recycling through circular use has been critical nowadays, since there is an increasing demand for the production of plastic components based on different polymeric matrices in various applications. The most commonly used recycling procedure, especially for thermoplastic materials, is based on thermomechanical process protocols that could significantly alter the polymers’ macromolecular structure and physicochemical properties. The study at hand focuses on recycling of polyamide 12 (PA12) filament, through extrusion melting over multiple recycling courses, giving insight for its effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) manufactured specimens throughout the recycling courses. Three-dimensional (3D) FFF printed specimens were produced from virgin as well as recycled PA12 filament, while they have been experimentally tested further for their tensile, flexural, impact and micro-hardness mechanical properties. A thorough thermal and morphological analysis was also performed on all the 3D printed samples. The results of this study demonstrate that PA12 can be successfully recycled for a certain number of courses and could be utilized in 3D printing, while exhibiting improved mechanical properties when compared to virgin material for a certain number of recycling repetitions. From this work, it can be deduced that PA12 can be a viable option for circular use and 3D printing, offering an overall positive impact on recycling, while realizing 3D printed components using recycled filaments with enhanced mechanical and thermal stability.

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“…Additive manufacturing, and especially fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology, has great potential in the development of a sustainable society [ 7 ]. Relatively, research in AM has been conducted on recycling processes of polymers [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] and on mechanical, thermal, electrical and/or other property enhancements, using a wide variety of fillers and nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Filler Concentration on Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Polypropylene with Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites

et al. 2021

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Polypropylene (PP) is an engineered thermoplastic polymer widely used in various applications. This work aims to enhance the properties of PP with the introduction of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as nanofillers. Novel nanocomposite filaments were produced at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt.% filler concentrations, following a melt mixing extrusion process. These filaments were then fed to a commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer for the preparation of specimens, to be assessed for their mechanical, viscoelastic, physicochemical, and fractographic properties, according to international standards. Tensile, flexural, impact, and microhardness tests, as well as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), melt flow volume index (MVR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were conducted, to fully characterize the filler concentration effect on the 3D printed nanocomposite material properties. The results revealed an improvement in the nanocomposites properties, with the increase of the filler amount, while the microstructural effect and processability of the material was not significantly affected, which is important for the possible industrialization of the reported protocol. This work showed that PP/TiO2 can be a novel nanocomposite system in AM applications that the polymer industry can benefit from.

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A comprehensive investigation of the mechanical behavior and the dielectrics of pure polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA with graphene (GnP) in fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid with Optimized Nano Silica Content

Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid with Optimized Nano Silica Content

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polyamide 12 over Multiple Recycling Processes

Optimization of the Filler Concentration on Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Polypropylene with Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites

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