A comprehensive investigation on cellulose nanocrystals with different crystal structures from cotton via an efficient route

Multilevel threshold image segmentation for COVID-19 chest radiography: A framework using horizontal and vertical multiverse optimization

“…Also, it can be applied to a wider area of applications that finding feasible solutions is a requirement including active surveillance [ 150 ], essay recommendation [ 151 ], location-based services [ 152 , 153 ], bionic electronic skin sensing [ 154 , 155 ], crystal structures optimization [ 156 ], kayak cycle phase segmentation [ 157 ], human motion capture [ 158 ], tomato pests diagnosis [ 159 ] and video deblurring [ 160 ].…”

Effect of the Combining Corn Steep Liquor and Urea Pre-treatment on Biodegradation and Hydrolysis of Rice Straw

“…(1) CSL and urea-pre-treated largely removed amorphous substances in RS (Donaldson, 2007 ), such as amorphous cellulose and noncellulose polymers, leading to an increase in cellulose CrI (Naoki et al, 1997 ). (2) Degradation of amorphous hemicellulose in CSL and urea-pre-treated RS (Huang et al, 2022 ). (3) The dissolution of considerable amorphous cellulose strengthened the hydrogen bonds among cellulose molecules, forming more contact macromolecule chains, consequently increasing the CrI of α-cellulose (Naoki et al, 1997 ).…”

Biosorption of Cr(VI) Using Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from the Waterless Pulping of Waste Cotton Cloths with Supercritical CO2: Isothermal, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Studies

“…Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are the crystalline region of cellulose, isolated from cellulose pulp fiber using acid hydrolysis by removing the amorphous region of cellulose while leaving the only crystalline region of cellulose [ 1 , 6 ]. CNCs exhibit as elongated and cylindrical rod of crystalline cellulose with a width of 2–70 nm, length of 100–600 nm, and crystallinity index of 75–88% [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The distinct properties of CNCs, such as its light weight, its distinctive optical properties, its abundant availability, its high surface area, its excellent thermal and mechanical strength, its biodegradability, and its environmental friendliness, make CNCs an encouraging raw material for many advanced implementations [ 8 ].…”

“…CNCs exhibit as elongated and cylindrical rod of crystalline cellulose with a width of 2–70 nm, length of 100–600 nm, and crystallinity index of 75–88% [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The distinct properties of CNCs, such as its light weight, its distinctive optical properties, its abundant availability, its high surface area, its excellent thermal and mechanical strength, its biodegradability, and its environmental friendliness, make CNCs an encouraging raw material for many advanced implementations [ 8 ]. In recent years, CNCs have been used in many advanced implementations, such as packaging materials [ 9 ], filler or reinforcement in composite materials [ 10 ], electronics [ 11 ], biomedical engineering [ 12 ], and bio-sorbents [ 13 ].…”