A comprehensive review of polyacrylamide polymer gels for conformance control

Bai, Baojun; Zhou, Jia; Yin, Mingfei

doi:10.1016/s1876-3804(15)30045-8

Cited by 366 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…32 Moreover, the change trend of the gelant leak-off was consistent with that of the chromium diffusion rate, and this proved that the diffusion of chromium ions from the fracture into the matrix was always accompanied with the gelant leak-off. 33 Chromium Diffusion Profile along the Matrix. During the diffusion process of chromium ions from the fracture into the matrix, some chromium ions adsorbed onto sand surfaces, and some of them remained inside the matrix pores; therefore, the measured chromium concentration in the fluids produced from the matrix outlets was lower than the full diffusion concentration of chromium from the gelants.…”

Section: Article Wileyonlinelibrarycom/appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a polymer on chromium(III) diffusion during gelant injection in fractured media

Bai

Xiong

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of a polymer on chromium diffusion during gelant injection into fractured media was explored with a polymer/chromium(III) (Cr 31 ) gelant. The capture and barrier effects are two main affecting mechanisms of polymer molecules on the diffusion of Cr 31 , and the formation of the polymer leak-off layer is a key influencing factor. The experimental results show that when the polymer molecular weight (MW) or concentration increased, both the diffusion rate of Cr 31 and the leak-off degree of the gelant decreased sharply. This resulted in the delayed initial production and advanced final production of Cr 31. Because of the changing diffusion rate of Cr 31 and the dilution effect of brine during gelant injection, the change trends of the Cr 31 production from the fracture outlet and matrix ports reversed after the injection volume exceeded a value; this value was named the critical injected volume. During gelant injection into the fractures, under the effects of gravity action and the disproportionate diffusion of Cr 31, the chromium diffusion profiles measured at the fracture top and bottom were different. The chromium diffusion profile along the matrix varied with increasing gelant injected volume, but it finally reached the diffusion equilibrium state in the matrix. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43447.

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Section: Article Wileyonlinelibrarycom/appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a polymer on chromium(III) diffusion during gelant injection in fractured media

Bai

Xiong

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Thus, it is crucial to sweep remaining oil from unswept zones to enhance oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs after water flooding. Hence, many technologies have been applied to counteract the heterogeneity of reservoirs and solve the unfavorable mobility ratio and improve the sweep efficiency, such as gel treatment [4][5][6], polymer flooding [7], and foam flooding [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Injection Strategy of Branched-Preformed Particle Gel/Polymer/Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery after Polymer Flooding in Heterogeneous Reservoirs

Hou

et al. 2018

Energies

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Abstract:The heterogeneous phase combination flooding (HPCF) system which is composed of a branched-preformed particle gel (B-PPG), polymer, and surfactant has been proposed to enhance oil recovery after polymer flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs by mobility control and reducing oil-water interfacial tension. However, the high cost of chemicals can make this process economically challenging in an era of low oil prices. Thus, in an era of low oil prices, it is becoming even more essential to optimize the heterogeneous phase combination flooding design. In order to optimize the HPCF process, the injection strategy has been designed such that the incremental oil recovery can be maximized using the corresponding combination of the B-PPG, polymer, and surfactant, thereby ensuring a more economically-viable recovery process. Different HPCF injection strategies including simultaneous injection and alternation injection were investigated by conducting parallel sand pack flooding experiments and large-scale plate sand pack flooding experiments. Results show that based on the flow rate ratio, the pressure rising area and the incremental oil recovery, no matter whether the injection strategy is simultaneous injection or alternation injection of HPCF, the HPCF can significantly block high permeability zone, increase the sweep efficiency and oil displacement efficiency, and effectively improve oil recovery. Compared with the simultaneous injection mode, the alternation injection of HPCF can show better sweep efficiency and oil displacement efficiency. Moreover, when the slug of HPCF and polymer/surfactant with the equivalent economical cost is injected by alternation injection mode, as the alternating cycle increases, the incremental oil recovery increases. The remaining oil distribution at different flooding stages investigated by conducting large-scale plate sand pack flooding experiments shows that alternation injection of HPCF can recover more remaining oil in the low permeability zone than simultaneous injection. Hence, these findings could provide the guidance for developing the injection strategy of HPCF to further enhance oil recovery after polymer flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs in the era of low oil prices.

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“…This high water cut in production wells has become a common problem in high temperature and high salinity oilfield developments [6][7][8]. Conformance control is widely used and has been proven to be an important measure to improve the efficiency of water flooding and enhance the oil recovery [9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, the lack of a suitable conformance control agent restricts the popularization and application of conformance control treatment in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on a Novel Gelled Foam for Conformance Control in High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs

You

Jiao

et al. 2018

Energies

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A novel gelled foam for conformance control was investigated for its ability to enhance oil recovery (EOR) in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs. The formulation optimization, foaming performance, and core flooding performance of the gelled foam were systematically evaluated under harsh reservoir conditions. The gelled foam formulation was optimized with 0.4% polymer (hydrolyzed polyacrylamide; HPAM), 0.06% cross-linker (phenolic) and 0.2% foaming agent (sulphobetaine; SB). The addition of the gel improved the stability of the foam system by 3.8 times that of traditional foam. A stabilization mechanism in the gelled foam was proposed to describe the stabilization process of the foam film. The uniformly distributed three-dimensional network structure of the gel provided a thick protective layer for the foam system that maintained the stability of the foam and improved the strength and thickness of the liquid film. The gelled foam exhibited good formation adaptability, profile control, and EOR performance. The foam flowed into the high permeability layer, plugged the dominant channel, and increased the swept volume. Oil recovery was enhanced by 29.4% under harsh high -temperature and high salinity conditions.

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A comprehensive review of polyacrylamide polymer gels for conformance control

Cited by 366 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of a polymer on chromium(III) diffusion during gelant injection in fractured media

Effect of a polymer on chromium(III) diffusion during gelant injection in fractured media

Investigation of Injection Strategy of Branched-Preformed Particle Gel/Polymer/Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery after Polymer Flooding in Heterogeneous Reservoirs

Study on a Novel Gelled Foam for Conformance Control in High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs

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