A comprehensive review of standalone and hybrid forward osmosis for water treatment: Membranes and recovery strategies of draw solutions

Singh, Satish Kumar; Sharma, Chhaya; Maiti, Abhijit

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105473

Cited by 65 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…Without intensive feed pretreatment, however, the performance of desalination membranes is substantially hampered by scaling . For membrane desalination of brackish and industrial waters to be more environmentally sustainable, high water recovery of at least 90% needs to be attained to minimize the volume of produced brines. − Consequently, scale formation at high water recovery tends to be severe and irreversible, necessitating more frequent and lengthy chemical cleaning . All these detrimental impacts of scaling result in lower productivity, higher energy demand, and increased operating costs of membrane-based desalination processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Scaling in Membrane Desalination: Models, Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

Rolf

Cao

Huang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Inorganic scaling caused by precipitation of sparingly soluble salts at supersaturation is a common but critical issue, limiting the efficiency of membrane-based desalination and brine management technologies as well as other engineered systems. A wide range of minerals including calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica precipitate during membrane-based desalination, limiting water recovery and reducing process efficiency. The economic impact of scaling on desalination processes requires understanding of its sources, causes, effects, and control methods. In this Critical Review, we first describe nucleation mechanisms and crystal growth theories, which are fundamental to understanding inorganic scale formation during membrane desalination. We, then, discuss the key mechanisms and factors that govern membrane scaling, including membrane properties, such as surface roughness, charge, and functionality, as well as feedwater characteristics, such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength. We follow with a critical review of current characterization techniques for both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, focusing on the strengths and limitations of each technique to elucidate scale-inducing mechanisms, observe actual crystal growth, and analyze the outcome of scaling behaviors of desalination membranes. We conclude with an outlook on research needs and future research directions to provide guidelines for scale mitigation in water treatment and desalination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Scaling in Membrane Desalination: Models, Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

Rolf

Cao

Huang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Among these, 45 review papers have been published with “forward osmosis” in the title ( Figure 1 ). These review papers cover the topics of membrane design [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], fouling mitigation [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], draw solutes design and recovery [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], system design [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], and applications [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Prior studies on FO membrane fabrication placed a lot of focus on porous substrate optimization to reduce the internal concentration polarization (ICP), a factor that causes a significant loss of driving force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis Membranes: The Significant Roles of Selective Layer

Tian

Goh

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising separation technology to overcome the challenges of pressure-driven membrane processes. The FO process has demonstrated profound advantages in treating feeds with high salinity and viscosity in applications such as brine treatment and food processing. This review discusses the advancement of FO membranes and the key membrane properties that are important in real applications. The membrane substrates have been the focus of the majority of FO membrane studies to reduce internal concentration polarization. However, the separation layer is critical in selecting the suitable FO membranes as the feed solute rejection and draw solute back diffusion are important considerations in designing large-scale FO processes. In this review, emphasis is placed on developing FO membrane selective layers with a high selectivity. The effects of porous FO substrates in synthesizing high-performance polyamide selective layer and strategies to overcome the substrate constraints are discussed. The role of interlayer in selective layer synthesis and the benefits of nanomaterial incorporation will also be reviewed.

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“…Forward osmosis (FO) desalination is pretty much a novel approach in water treatment and purification, which is implemented as a pretreatment unit prior to the thermal and RO processes for keeping the overall procedure economical and proficient. 6,[12][13][14][15] In this process, water penetrates from the feed solution to the draw solution via a semipermeable membrane and in the next step, it is necessary to separate the draw solutes from the diluted solution. 16 Regarding the operation mechanism, the FO process is adopted as a low-pressure process and demonstrates more practical resistance to fouling than the RO process, which is set to function at a higher hydraulic pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zwitterion-functionalized MIL-125-NH₂-based thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes: towards improved performance for salt rejection and heavy metal removal

et al. 2022

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A comprehensive review of standalone and hybrid forward osmosis for water treatment: Membranes and recovery strategies of draw solutions

Cited by 65 publications

References 253 publications

Inorganic Scaling in Membrane Desalination: Models, Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

Inorganic Scaling in Membrane Desalination: Models, Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

Forward Osmosis Membranes: The Significant Roles of Selective Layer

Zwitterion-functionalized MIL-125-NH₂-based thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes: towards improved performance for salt rejection and heavy metal removal

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A comprehensive review of standalone and hybrid forward osmosis for water treatment: Membranes and recovery strategies of draw solutions

Cited by 65 publications

References 253 publications

Inorganic Scaling in Membrane Desalination: Models, Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

Inorganic Scaling in Membrane Desalination: Models, Mechanisms, and Characterization Methods

Forward Osmosis Membranes: The Significant Roles of Selective Layer

Zwitterion-functionalized MIL-125-NH2-based thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes: towards improved performance for salt rejection and heavy metal removal

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Zwitterion-functionalized MIL-125-NH₂-based thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes: towards improved performance for salt rejection and heavy metal removal