A comprehensive review of the “tigroid” background cytological concept: what, when, where and why?

Jiménez‐Heffernan, José A.; Rodríguez-García, Ana M.; Cima, Luca; Gordillo, Carlos; López‐Ferrer, Pilar; Vicandi, Blanca

doi:10.32074/1591-951x-287

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These neoplasms produce a peculiar background on air-dried smears described as a tigroid background. It is characterized by a relatively granular, reticulated material that Lopes-Cardozo described as “foamy, lazy, tiger-striped or astrakhan” 32 . It occurs as a result of the disruption of the fragile glycogen-containing cytoplasm of neoplastic cells during smearing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral primary ovarian Ewing sarcoma recurring as left submandibular lymphadenopathy diagnosed on cytology

Malik,

Madan,

Agrawal

et al. 2024

Autops Case Rep

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Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly malignant and aggressive small round-cell tumor originating from primitive neuroepithelium and mesenchymal stem cells. It is usually seen in children and adolescents with a male predilection and a preponderance to occur in long bones. Although skeletal/soft tissue ES is encountered in clinical practice, primary ES of the genital tract, particularly bilateral primary ovarian ES, is highly uncommon, with only a handful of cases reported worldwide. Ovarian ES is occasionally reported to involve para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes in advanced stages. Still, cervical lymph node metastasis from ovarian ES is an infrequent clinical occurrence and, when present, indicates a worse prognosis. Here, we present an intriguing case of bilateral peripheral primary ovarian ES in an adult female, recurring as metastasis in the left submandibular lymph node. This case underlines the importance of keeping metastasis from ES as a possible differential while diagnosing metastatic small round cell tumors in peripheral lymph nodes. It also highlights the usefulness of a minimally invasive diagnostic modality of fine needle aspiration cytology and cell block preparation with applied ancillary techniques of immunohistochemistry and confirmatory molecular testing by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), for an accurate and quick diagnosis of such entities. The cytological diagnosis of our patient helped in the prompt and early initiation of chemotherapy without requiring any invasive procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral primary ovarian Ewing sarcoma recurring as left submandibular lymphadenopathy diagnosed on cytology

Malik,

Madan,

Agrawal

et al. 2024

Autops Case Rep

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“…There may be small lymphocytes intermixed. The classic tigroid appearance appreciated on air-dried preparations 23 is not seen on CSF specimens.…”

Section: Germinomamentioning

confidence: 90%

CSF cytology of common primary CNS neoplasms categorized by CNS WHO 2021

Salimian,

Viaene,

Chiang

et al. 2023

Cytopathology

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ObjectiveThe detection of neoplastic cells in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is pivotal for the management of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours. This article delves into the CSF cytological characteristics of common CNS neoplasms, aligning with the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumours.MethodsA retrospective review of CSF specimens positive for primary CNS neoplasms was performed at three tertiary medical centres. Only cases that had histopathologic confirmation and/or molecular workup were included.ResultsCommon primary CNS neoplasms seen in CSF cytology specimens include medulloblastoma, (non‐WNT/non‐SHH as well as SHH‐activated and TP53 mutant), pineoblastoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT), IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma, and primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the CNS. Ependymomas and germinomas can also have CSF involvement but are less common. Although the typical histologic architecture of these tumours may not be preserved in the CSF, unique cytomorphologic features such as nuclear moulding, nuclear pleomorphism, rhabdoid cells, prominent nucleoli and rosette formation can still be appreciated.ConclusionAdopting the updated terminology and correlating cytologic observations with molecular findings will streamline the diagnostic process, reducing the complexities and ambiguities pathologists often encounter when analysing CSF specimens for potential primary CNS neoplasms.

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“…The background lymphocytes are small, and occasional granulomas or giant cells can be seen [120]. The characteristic tigroid background is best visualized with air-dried Diff-Quik smears; however, this phenomenon is notably not entirely specific to seminoma [121,122]. In contrast, the epithelioid cells of thymoma are less polygonal, have a coarser chromatin pattern, and are more intricately associated with background lymphocytes.…”

Section: Seminomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lesions

et al. 2023

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Fine needle aspiration is a minimally invasive, low-morbidity, and cost-efficient technique for the sampling of mediastinal lesions. Additionally, ancillary testing on FNA samples can be used for the refinement of diagnoses and for treatment-related purposes (flow cytometry, cytogenetics, immunohistochemistry, and molecular diagnostics). Mediastinal lesions, however, can show a variety of lineages and morphologic features, giving rise to diagnostic dilemmas. As a result, the differential diagnosis can vary widely and becomes especially challenging due to the smaller sample size on FNA and the variability in component sampling. For appropriate patient management and to determine the correct treatment strategies, accurate pathologic diagnoses are paramount. In this review, we present the cytomorphologic features together with the immunophenotypic findings of mediastinal lesions, with emphasis on the diagnostic challenges and pitfalls in FNA cytology samples, including smears and cell block sections.

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A comprehensive review of the “tigroid” background cytological concept: what, when, where and why?

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Bilateral primary ovarian Ewing sarcoma recurring as left submandibular lymphadenopathy diagnosed on cytology

Bilateral primary ovarian Ewing sarcoma recurring as left submandibular lymphadenopathy diagnosed on cytology

CSF cytology of common primary CNS neoplasms categorized by CNS WHO 2021

The Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lesions

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