A comprehensive review on bio‐mimicked multimolecular frameworks and supramolecules as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization

Abstract

Immobilization depicts a propitious route to optimize the catalytic performances, efficient recovery, minimizing autocatalysis, and also augment the stabilities of enzymes, particularly in unnatural environments. In this opinion, supramolecules and multimolecular frameworks have captivated immense attention to achieve profound controllable interactions between enzyme molecules and well-defined natural or synthetic architectures to yield protein bioconjugates with high accessibility for substrate binding and enhanced enantioselectivities. This scholastic review emphasizes the possibilities of associating multimolecular complexes with biological entities via several types of interactions, namely covalent interactions, host-guest complexation, π − π interactions, intra/inter hydrogen bondings, electrostatic interactions, and so forth offers remarkable applications for the modulations of enzymes. The potential synergies between artificial supramolecular structures and biological systems are the primary concern of this pedagogical review. The majority of the research primarily focused on the dynamic biomolecule-responsive supramolecular assemblages and multimolecular architectures as ideal platforms for the recognition and modulation of proteins and cells. Embracing sustainable green demeanors of enzyme immobilizations in a quest to reinforce site-selectivity, catalytic efficiency, and structural integrality of enzymes are the contemporary requirements of the biotechnological sectors that instigate the development of novel biocatalytic systems.

Immobilization: the promising technique to protect and increase the efficiency of microorganisms to remove contaminants

“…13 Immobilization can be applied to various entities, including cells, enzymes, antibodies and other biomolecules. 14 The immobilization process can be physical or chemical, and the choice of immobilization method depends on the properties of the entity of interest, the desired application, and the properties of the support matrix. 15 The use of immobilization is driven by its potential advantages over free entities, including enhanced stability, reusability and activity.…”

“…Immobilization of cells has been widely used in various fields, including biotechnology, medicine, environmental science and industrial processes 13 . Immobilization can be applied to various entities, including cells, enzymes, antibodies and other biomolecules 14 . The immobilization process can be physical or chemical, and the choice of immobilization method depends on the properties of the entity of interest, the desired application, and the properties of the support matrix 15 .…”

Recent trends in metal‐organic frameworks mediated lipase immobilization: A state‐of‐the‐art review

“…If an enzyme penetrates the MOF's pore structure, it will become trapped inside (Figure 5d). The immobilization process of enzyme molecules within MOF crystals results in a negligible reduction in activity, while ensuring their preservation due to the encapsulating effect (Aggarwal & Ikram, 2023; Shomal et al., 2022). Owing to the huge pore capacity and expansive channel space within MOF matrices, this approach can achieve excellent enzyme loading efficiency.…”

Antibacterial Textile Coating Armoured with Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitisers to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections

“…However, the main drawback of physical adsorption is the likelihood of detachment from the surface [ 13 ]. Covalent immobilization overwhelms the instability issues and the leaching of antimicrobial agents attached to the surface [ 14 ]. Nevertheless, the chemistry behind this method is multifaceted, substrate-dependent, and requires a significant amount of solvents.…”