A Comprehensive Review on Design, Monitoring, and Failure in Fixed Offshore Platforms

Abstract

Offshore platforms have had diverse applications in the marine industry, for example, oil or gas platforms can provide facilities to store the oil and gas before transport those to refineries. Offshore wind turbines are another well-known use of the offshore platform for generating power. As platforms encounter various strong forces from water and wind currents, the materials used for these structures are mainly steel or concrete. These platforms are classified into different types, according to the depth of water and their applications. In addition, offshore platforms, as artificial reefs may be used for decades at different marine conditions. Consequently, their design and maintenance are very important, otherwise, they can cause irreparable damage to the environment. This paper presents the latest and most significant design and monitoring methods, such as the optimal probabilistic seismic demand model, multi-objective optimization, dynamic response assessment, robust fault-tolerant control, etc., under different environmental and geographical conditions. Moreover, the effective factors on the life and failure of these offshore structures are comprehensively introduced to enhance awareness of them, which can be very helpful to improve the design and construction of more reliable and durable structures.

Application of Deep Neural Network to Predict the High-Cycle Fatigue Life of AISI 1045 Steel Coated by Industrial Coatings

“…Relevant model function of a DNN with 6 layers can be determined by the following equation: 1)) = a 6 = f 6 (w 6 f 5 (w 5 f 4 (w 4 f 3 (w 3 f 2 (w 2 f 1 (w 1…”

“…Most of the used components in some major industries such as marine and offshore industries which primarily comprises the offshore oil and gas and the offshore wind energy industries are affected by the repeated applied loadings that make fatigue failure. Moreover, the corrosion phenomenon is an unavoidable factor for the failure of structures in the vicinity of water, especially seawater due to its salinity [1,2]. However, combination of fatigue and corrosion simultaneously can afford faster failure and generally, amounts of damages caused by corrosion fatigue are higher [3].…”

Microgrids Operation by Considering Demand Response and Supply Programs in the Presence of IGDT-Based Reverse Risk

“…Determination of optimized energy storage capacity in microgrids to minimize expenses is investigated [3]. The environmental effects of installing wind and photovoltaic units and diesel units in remote microgrids are investigated [4,5]. An optimal microgrid design was established considering load and PV power output uncertainties to promote the supply-demand balance using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm [6].…”

Review on Fixed and Floating Offshore Structures. Part II: Sustainable Design Approaches and Project Management

“…Although offshore wind farm facilities are renewable energy facilities, while Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) could have offshore applications, they are sometimes classified as offshore structures. However, the main categories include fixed and floating offshore structures [4][5][6]. Fixed offshore structures, monopods, and guyed wire caissons are examples of offshore structures.…”