A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage Systems: Types, Comparison, Current Scenario, Applications, Barriers, and Potential Solutions, Policies, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Driven by global concerns about the climate and the environment, the world is opting for renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar. However, RESs suffer from the discredit of intermittency, for which energy storage systems (ESSs) are gaining popularity worldwide. Surplus energy obtained from RESs can be stored in several ways, and later utilized during periods of intermittencies or shortages. The idea of storing excess energy is not new, and numerous researches have been conducted to adorn this idea with innovations and improvements. This review is a humble attempt to assemble all the available knowledge on ESSs to benefit novice researchers in this field. This paper covers all core concepts of ESSs, including its evolution, elaborate classification, their comparison, the current scenario, applications, business models, environmental impacts, policies, barriers and probable solutions, and future prospects. This elaborate discussion on energy storage systems will act as a reliable reference and a framework for future developments in this field. Any future progress regarding ESSs will find this paper a helpful document wherein all necessary information has been assembled.

Genetic Algorithm Based Optimized Feature Engineering and Hybrid Machine Learning for Effective Energy Consumption Prediction

“…For experimental purposes, the latest updated energy consumption and metrological data from Jeju Island have been collected from January 2017 until April 2020. [35]. Figure 6 shows the combined load of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.…”

Investigation on Sizing of Voltage Source for a Battery Energy Storage System in Microgrid With Renewable Energy Sources

“…Specifically, BESS coupled with power electronic converter systems offers rapid response for frequency regulation and load changes. It is considered as the most viable and promising approach [13,14] which minimizes the active power oscillation and the settling time in smart grid power systems. The recent advancements in Lithium-ion battery technology also offer various benefits in smart grids like high power, longer life, and high charge and discharge efficiency [15][16][17].…”

Performance Analysis of a Dq Power Flow-Based Energy Storage Control System for Microgrid Applications

“…Co-siting of energy storages and such intermittent energy sources has become an attractive solution that can enhance the reliability and stability of renewable power generation and supply to meet the load demand [7,8]. Energy storages can support renewable resources amalgamation in numerous means, such as reducing energy spillage by storing surplus power generated by the renewable sources, mitigating intermittency effect by their coordinated control and operation [9][10][11], drifting, smoothing and firming of renewable power [12,13]. Some other applications of energy storage include energy arbitrage, peak shaving, power quality and reliability, spinning reserve, voltage and frequency support [14][15][16][17][18], black start, deferral of upgrading transmission and distribution network, isolated service, electrical vehicles, uninterrupted power supply, and load-following [19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…Energy storages in MG domain require great attention on various aspects, such as type (material and size) and cost of energy storage devices, efficient energy management strategies, power conditioning sub-systems, chargingdischarging cycle, power conversion mechanism, and control for stable operation, protection, reliability, and environment friendly [38][39][40]. By virtue, MG should be capable of operating in both grid-connected and isolated mode, where MG isolated mode of operation is challenging because of a power imbalance between generations and load that result in voltage and frequency instability [38,[41][42].…”