A Comprehensive Review on Level 2 Charging System for Electric Vehicles

Khan, Saadullah; Shariff, Samir M.; Ahmad, Aqueel; Alam, Mohammad Saad

doi:10.1080/23080477.2018.1488205

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…It permits low-power residential charging and high-power public charging. Almost 80% of EVs are charged overnight at home [13], with consumption charged at domestic rates. Private charges at homes accounted for 7 million (40GW) and 2.5 million (15GW) at workplaces, according to estimates.…”

Section: A Power Transfer Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11. Standards for static CCT have been well defined and realized to enable the safety of electrical utilities, EV, and human operators along with facilitating interoperability with the help of additional conversion adapters to ensure PCS EV compatibility and battery performance [13], [193], [194]. Table VIII contains information on such standards as well as a description of them.…”

Section: A Power Transfer Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To represent the charging power rating, European developers prefer the term "Mode," while American developers prefer the term "Level." Table IX compiles the standards adopted in different nations that are documented in [13], [196], [199]- [207], electrical specifications, charging speed, and the location of EVSE. The compilation is based on the SAE-J1772 standard and the classification described by William Tods [192], to eliminate ambiguities.…”

Section: A Power Transfer Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong oil usage, on the other hand, allows reservoirs to drain at a rate of 4 billion tons per year, depleting all known reservoirs by 2053 [10]. Because of growing worries about air pollution levels, global warming, and the rapid depletion of oil supplies, the government has developed stringent vehicle emission rules requirements (Euro IV [11]/Bharat VI [12]) and is looking for alternative fuel cars that are eco-friendly and emission-free [13]. Since China, the USA, Japan, India, and Germany are leading in CPV sales, they have been considered for further investigation in this article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Assessment of Electric Vehicle Development, Deployment, and Policy Initiatives to Reduce GHG Emissions: Opportunities and Challenges

Sathiyan

Pratap

Stonier³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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Section: A Power Transfer Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Power Transfer Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Power Transfer Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Assessment of Electric Vehicle Development, Deployment, and Policy Initiatives to Reduce GHG Emissions: Opportunities and Challenges

Sathiyan

Pratap

Stonier³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…According to [40], the most important policy tools for promoting electric vehicles are fiscal and infrastructure measures as well as financial incentives for the purchase and support of research and development projects. Research were then conducted on trends, policies, challenges and opportunities in the electric mobility sector in various Countries: Singapore [41], Germany [42,43], California [44,45], Qatar [46], Italy [47], Norway and Canada [48], Greece [49], Australia [50], France [51], Lithuania [52], Japan and South Korea [53], and Pakistan [54].…”

Section: Literature Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Mobility in a Smart City: European Overview

et al. 2021

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According to the United Nations (UN), although cities occupy only 3% of Earth’s surface, they host more than half of the global population, are responsible for 70% of energy consumption, and 75% of carbon emissions. All this is a consequence of the massive urbanization verified since the 1950s and which is expected to continue in the coming decades. A crucial issue will therefore concern the management of existing cities and the planning of future ones, and this was also emphasized by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and communities). Smart Cities are often seen as ideal urban environments in which the different dimensions of a city (economy, education, energy, environment, etc.) are managed successfully and proactively. So, one of the most important challenges cities will have to face, is to guide citizens towards a form of “clean” energy consumption, and the dimension on which decision-makers will be able to work is the decarbonization of transport. To achieve this, electric mobility could help reduce polluting emissions on the road. Within this research, the strategies that six Smart Cities (London, Hamburg, Oslo, Milan, Florence, and Bologna) have implemented to encourage the transition to this form of mobility have been studied. Through a systematic review of the literature (Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and through the study of the main political/energy documents of the cities, their policies on electric mobility have been evaluated. Then, for each city, SDG 11.6.2 was analyzed to assess the air quality in the last four years (2016–2019) and, therefore, the effectiveness of the policies. The analysis showed, in general, that the policies have worked, inducing reductions in the pollutants of PM2.5, PM10, NO2. In particular, the cities showed the most significant reduction in pollutant (above 20%) were Hamburg (−28% PM2.5 and −2%6 NO2), Milan (−25% PM2.5 and −52% NO2), and London (−26% NO2).

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