A comprehensive review on nitrate pollution and its remediation: conventional and recent approaches

Oxygen vacancies in Co3O4nanoarrays promote nitrate electroreduction for ammonia synthesis

“…In modern society, many industrial processes can produce wastewater containing high concentrations of nitrate, such as fertilizer production, stainless steel manufacturing, and precious metal recovery. 44–46 Considering the high NO 3 RR activity of V O -CO 3 O 4 /CC for NH 3 formation, we tested its performance in real wastewater with high NO 3 − concentration. The wastewater was obtained from a local precious metal recovery plant, and contained ∼59 500 mg L −1 NO 3 − with pH < 1.…”

Efficient Recycling of Dilute Nitrate to Ammonia Using Cu Nanowire Electrocatalyst

“…1 The use of nitrogen fertilizers has contributed significantly to the growth of agricultural production, but the nitrogen use efficiency is typically lower than 40%, 2 so that a significant amount of nitrogen readily leaches into groundwater, lakes, and rivers, increasing the concentration of NO 3 − in the water systems and causing severe environmental problems such as eutrophication. 3,4 It is thus urgent to develop technologies that can efficiently remove NO 3 − from wastewater, preferably by using energy from renewable sources. Among the various strategies, the electrochemical reduction of NO 3…”

“…Electrocatalysis plays a central role in the development of renewable energy technologies to mitigate the global energy and environmental problems, such as the nitrate (NO 3 – ) contamination of water resources caused by the increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers as well as the discharge of industrial wastewater . The use of nitrogen fertilizers has contributed significantly to the growth of agricultural production, but the nitrogen use efficiency is typically lower than 40%, so that a significant amount of nitrogen readily leaches into groundwater, lakes, and rivers, increasing the concentration of NO 3 – in the water systems and causing severe environmental problems such as eutrophication. , It is thus urgent to develop technologies that can efficiently remove NO 3 – from wastewater, preferably by using energy from renewable sources. Among the various strategies, the electrochemical reduction of NO 3 – to ammonia (NH 3 ) has recently emerged as a promising route as it is compatible with the intermittent supply of solar- or wind-generated electricity to enable a sustainable process for the recycling of NO 3 – as well as the production of NH 3 as an alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. − …”

Elucidating the Intrinsic Activity and Selectivity of Cu for Nitrate Electroreduction

“…Nitrate is also widely distributed in industrial wastewater. 3 The rising concentration of nitrate has caused severe environmental problems such as eutrophication and disturbance of ecosystems. 4 The electrochemical reduction of nitrate has recently emerged as a promising route for the removal of NO 3 − from wastewater, 5,6 as it can be powered by solar-or windgenerated electricity with NH 3 as a major product.…”

“…The use of nitrogen fertilizers has contributed significantly to the growth of agricultural production, but the nitrogen use efficiency is typically lower than 40%, so that most of the nitrogen leaches into groundwater, lakes, and rivers, causing nitrate contamination in the groundwater and surface water. Nitrate is also widely distributed in industrial wastewater . The rising concentration of nitrate has caused severe environmental problems such as eutrophication and disturbance of ecosystems .…”