A comprehensive review on phase change material emulsions: Fabrication, characteristics, and heat transfer performance

Wang, Fangxian; Lin, Wenzhu; Ling, Ziye; Fang, Xiaoming

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.016

Cited by 119 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Characteristically, the thermal conductivity increased gradually (not much) as the first PCM particles began to undergo a phase change (around 23 °C), and dropped sharply once the PCM was liquid. A slow increase and a sharp decrease in thermal conductivity in the range of the PCM phase-transition temperature was also observed in the works [ 23 , 27 , 28 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature

Dutkowski

Kruzel

2021

Materials

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The article presents the results of detailed studies of the thermal conductivity of the water slurry of microencapsulated PCM (mPCM) and slurry based on water–propylene glycol solutions. The starting product, MICRONAL® 5428 X, which contains about 43% microencapsulated paraffin with a transformation temperature of 28 °C, was mixed with the base liquid to obtain slurries with mass fractions of mPCM of 4.3, 8.6, 12.9, 17.2, 21.5, 25.8, 30.1, 34.4, 38.7, and 43.0%. Detailed measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 10–40 °C. It was found that: (a) an increase in the temperature of the slurry caused an increase in its thermal conductivity, both when PCM was in the form of a solid and a liquid; (b) the thermal conductivity of the mPCM slurry when the PCM was in liquid form was greater than the thermal conductivity of the slurry when the PCM was liquid; (c) during the phase transformation, a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of the slurry was observed, and its peak occurred when the temperature of the slurry reached the temperature declared by the manufacturer at which the phase-transition peak occurs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature

Dutkowski

Kruzel

2021

Materials

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“…Nevertheless, most of the considered works do not report information on the quality of the emulsion nor on the synthesis yield, related to the ratio of encapsulated paraffin with respect to the initial amount, and therefore it is difficult to make a direct comparison. It should be pointed out that the study of PCM emulsion stability is important not only to maximize the final encapsulation yield but also for the development of high performing heat transfer fluids [44,45,46], which often contain emulsified PCM. In the present study, considerably more effective emulsification of docosane was obtained with CTAB, probably due to its higher hydrophobic character denoted by its lower hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) number [26,47,48,49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosane-Organosilica Microcapsules for Structural Composites with Thermal Energy Storage/Release Capability

et al. 2019

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Organic phase change materials (PCMs) represent an effective solution to manage intermittent energy sources as the solar thermal energy. This work aims at encapsulating docosane in organosilica shells and at dispersing the produced capsules in epoxy/carbon laminates to manufacture multifunctional structural composites for thermal energy storage (TES). Microcapsules of different sizes were prepared by hydrolysis-condensation of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) in an oil-in-water emulsion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) highlighted the difference in the crystalline structure of pristine and microencapsulated docosane, and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evidenced the influence of microcapsules size on the shifts of the representative docosane signals, as a consequence of confinement effects, i.e., reduced chain mobility and interaction with the inner shell walls. A phase change enthalpy up to 143 J/g was determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on microcapsules, and tests at low scanning speed emphasized the differences in the crystallization behavior and allowed the calculation of the phase change activation energy of docosane, which increased upon encapsulation. Then, the possibility of embedding the microcapsules in an epoxy resin and in an epoxy/carbon laminate to produce a structural TES composite was investigated. The presence of microcapsules agglomerates and the poor capsule-epoxy adhesion, both evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), led to a decrease in the mechanical properties, as confirmed by three-point bending tests. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) highlighted that the storage modulus decreased by 15% after docosane melting and that the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin was not influenced by the PCM. The heat storage/release properties of the obtained laminates were proved through DSC and thermal camera imaging tests.

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“…[5][6][7] Notably, phase change materials (PCMs) are kinds of efficient substances for the storage of thermal energy that reversibly save and emit much latent heat in phase change processes in a unchanging temperature range. [8][9][10][11] As having many predominant advantages such as isothermal nature in phase change procedures and high density of energy storage, [12][13][14] PCMs are being employed in various fields like storage for solar-thermal energy, industrial heat recovery, off peak electrical energy saving and air conditioning. [15][16][17][18][19] PCMs are generally itemized into two kinds, namely solid-solid and solid-liquid PCMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcapsules composed of stearic acid core and polyethylene glycol‐based shell as a microcapsule phase change material

et al. 2021

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The shell materials of the existing microcapsule phase change materials (PCMs) are always not PCMs, so the enthalpy change (ΔH) in the phase transition processes of these microcapsule PCMs is much smaller compared with the pure encapsulated PCMs (the core materials), reducing the storage ability for thermal energy of the microcapsules. Herein, we prepared microcapsules composed of stearic acid (SA) core and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based shell as a microcapsule PCM. The PEG-based shell is a solid-solid PCM with cross-linked network, which is in solid state even at 80 C, avoiding the leakage and lose of the whole microcapsule PCM. Additionally, the microcapsule PCM has high ΔH of 113.4 and 115.3 J g −1 during their solidification and melting procedures respectively, displaying outstanding storage capacity for thermal energy. The microcapsule PCM shows dual temperature range in the melting/solidification process resulting in a wide effective temperature range, and has better thermal stability than pure SA. Moreover, the thermal property of the microcapsules changes a little after 100 times of thermal cycling, indicating high thermal reliability of the material.

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A comprehensive review on phase change material emulsions: Fabrication, characteristics, and heat transfer performance

Cited by 119 publications

References 85 publications

Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature

Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature

Docosane-Organosilica Microcapsules for Structural Composites with Thermal Energy Storage/Release Capability

Microcapsules composed of stearic acid core and polyethylene glycol‐based shell as a microcapsule phase change material

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