A Comprehensive Study of the Postnatal Changes in the Concentration of the Lipids of Developing Rat Brain*

Wells, Michael A.; Dittmer, John C.

doi:10.1021/bi00862a026

Cited by 268 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Therefore, increased lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes) observed in MG in this study indicate an oxygen free radical induced brain cell membrane injury in meningitis [35]. The newborn brain is particularly susceptible to oxygen free radical induced injury due to high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain during development and maturation [36], increased production of oxygen free radicals, and lower levels of oxygen free radical scavengers and antioxidant enzymes during the newborn period [37]. In our previous study [18], although induced hyperglycemia attenuated increased levels of conjugated dienes, the CSF TNF-· concentration remained elevated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Efficacy of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antibody as an Adjunctive Therapy in Experimental Escherichia coli Meningitis in the Newborn Piglet

Park

Chang²,

Ko³

et al. 1999

Neonatology

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This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) antibody as an adjunctive therapy in neonatal bacterial meningitis. Newborn piglets were divided into three groups: 8 in the control group, 13 in the meningitis group (MG), and 10 in the meningitis with anti-TNF-α antibody group (AG). Meningitis was induced by intracisternal injection of 10⁸ colony-forming units of Escherichia coli in 100 μl of saline. In the AG, 200 μl of anti-TNF-α antibody was also given intracisternally. In the AG, the elevated cerebrospinal fluid TNF-α level observed in the MG was completely abolished, and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycorrhachia, and CSF pleocytosis observed in the MG were downmodulated. But blood, brain, and CSF lactate levels remained elevated in both MG and AG. Increased brain cell membrane lipid peroxidation products and decreased Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity observed in the MG were not attenuated in the AG. These results indicate that anti-TNF-α antibody was not particularly effective as an adjunctive therapy in attenuating acute inflammatory responses and ameliorating brain damage in neonatal bacterial meningitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Efficacy of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antibody as an Adjunctive Therapy in Experimental Escherichia coli Meningitis in the Newborn Piglet

Park

Chang²,

Ko³

et al. 1999

Neonatology

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“…The developing newborn brain is particularly susceptible to oxygen free radical induced injury due to several factors. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may participate in lipid peroxidation reactions, is higher in the brain during development and maturation [44], and the production of oxygen free radicals is increased and the levels of oxygen free radical scavengers and antioxidant enzymes are lower in the newborn period [45]. Therefore, increased lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes) observed in MG in this study indicates an oxygen free radical induced brain cell membrane injury in neonatal bacterial meningitis [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Efficacy of Pentoxifylline as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Experimental Escherichia coli Meningitis in the Newborn Piglet

Park¹,

Chang²,

Lee³

2000

Neonatology

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This study was done to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and the ensuing neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline in neonatal experimental bacterial meningitis. Newborn piglets were divided into three groups: 10 in the control group (CG), 13 in the meningitis group (MG), and 13 in the meningitis with pentoxifylline group (PG). Meningitis was induced by intracisternal injection of 10⁸ colony-forming units of Escherichia coli in 100 μl of saline. In PG, 20 mg/kg of pentoxifylline was given as a bolus intravenous injection 30 min before induction of meningitis and 6 mg/kg/h was given continuously throughout the experiment. In PG, the increase of CSF TNF-α level observed in MG was abolished. Reduced brain glucose and ATP concentrations observed in MG were significantly increased in PG. However, other parameters of inflammatory responses such as increased intracranial pressure, reduced glucose and increased lactate concentrations in the CSF observed in MG were not significantly down-modulated. The extent of CSF leukocytosis was even higher in PG than in MG. Increased cerebral cortical cell membrane lipid peroxidation products and decreased Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity observed in MG, indicative of meningitis-induced brain cell membrane dysfunction, tended to improve without statistical significance in PG. In summary, although some anti-inflammatory effects have been observed, the overall anti-inflammatory effects of pentoxifylline was very weak, and it failed to significantly reduce the brain damage in experimental neonatal bacterial meningitis.

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“…Other phospholipids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin, contribute to PDE. It has been shown that in rat brains, phosphatidyl choline, the predominant phospholipid, in creases 2-fold during development [18,27], while in hu mans it diminishes with age [17], Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and ethanolamine plasmalogen, however rise with development in both species [17,18] throughout development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphoethanolamine, a membrane lipid precursor, has been measured in high quantities in developing neu rons and tumors by biochemical assay [16][17][18] and by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) [16,19,20], In vivo MRS showed that phosphomonoesters, primarily phosphoethanolamine, decrease during devel opment while phosphodiesters, primarily membrane phospholipids and myelin components, increased with age [21,22], 31P MRS provides noninvasive, longitudinal measure ments of these biochemical phosphorus compounds al lowing detection of age dependent biochemical alter ations. A small surface coil, placed on the prefrontal cortex area through the skin and skull, detects phospho rus compounds in the cortex layer of the prefrontal lobe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Cerebral Metabolism in Developing Dog Brain and Its Relationship to Neuronal Function

Nioka¹,

Zaman²,

Yoshioka³

et al. 1991

Dev Neurosci

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Cerebral metabolism and neuronal function of prefrontal brain cortex were studied in 6 dog litters from birth to 3 months of age. Noninvasive phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P-MRS) was used to observe longitudinal biochemical changes in the phosphorus compounds associated with cerebral metabolism. Neurological tests, examining reflex, motor and sensory nerve function, were performed in conjunction with the ³¹P-MRS study. During the neonatal period, exponential increases in PCr, P_i, and phophodiesters preceded neurological changes. Phosphomonoesters showed an exponential, nearly linear, decrease and PCr/P_i was maintained during the 3-month period. Developmental increases in high energy phosphates and the maintenance of PCr/Pⁱ indicate that the increased energy demands of the developing animal are met by increased mitochondrial function (ATP turnover).

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A Comprehensive Study of the Postnatal Changes in the Concentration of the Lipids of Developing Rat Brain^*

Cited by 268 publications

References 23 publications

Efficacy of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antibody as an Adjunctive Therapy in Experimental <i>Escherichia coli</i> Meningitis in the Newborn Piglet

Efficacy of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antibody as an Adjunctive Therapy in Experimental <i>Escherichia coli</i> Meningitis in the Newborn Piglet

The Efficacy of Pentoxifylline as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Experimental <i>Escherichia coli</i> Meningitis in the Newborn Piglet

<sup>31</sup>P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Cerebral Metabolism in Developing Dog Brain and Its Relationship to Neuronal Function

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