A comprehensive study on the effects of gamma radiation on the physical properties of a two-dimensional WS₂monolayer semiconductor

Abstract

This article reports the effects of gamma radiation on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) grown by a scalable van der Waals epitaxial (VdWE) process on a SiO2 coated Si substrate.

Excitonic Effects on Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers: Impact on Solar Cell Efficiency

“…Both the valley degeneracy breaking driven by SOC and the excitonic correction in the optical properties may be explored to tune the power conversion efficiency in that compounds. We presented results that show good agreement with experimental data, − for exciton energy or exciton binding energy.…”

Ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamic process of separate electrons and holes during exciton formation in few-layer tungsten disulfide

“…The few-layer WS 2 film sample was prepared by Van der Waals epitaxy (VdWE) process. [49][50][51] In this process, WCl 6 (99.9% pure from Sigma-Aldrich) was kept in a bubbler at room temperature, and WCl 6 vapour was delivered by argon gas through a mass flow controller (MFC) to the VdWE quartz reaction tube. The reactive gas, H 2 S, was delivered through second MFC and then mixed with another argon gas through a third MFC.…”

Gamma Radiation-Induced Oxidation, Doping, and Etching of Two-Dimensional MoS2 Crystals

“…Using a 60 Co source, Felix et al irradiated 1 L WS 2 crystals with an absorbed dose of 400 Gy and observed ferromagnetic hysteresis, which they attributed to a defect configuration involving one W and two S vacancies. 28 Vogl et al exposed various 1 L group VI TMDC crystals, produced by micromechanical exfoliation (MME), 29 to gamma radiation using a 22 Na source. 30 Although the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , and WSe 2 changed negligibly with increasing dose, a significant linear increase in the PL intensity was observed for WS 2 crystals as a function of radiation exposure.…”

“…Only a few studies have evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on the physical properties of 2D group VI TMDCs. Using a 60 Co source, Felix et al irradiated 1 L WS 2 crystals with an absorbed dose of 400 Gy and observed ferromagnetic hysteresis, which they attributed to a defect configuration involving one W and two S vacancies . Vogl et al exposed various 1 L group VI TMDC crystals, produced by micromechanical exfoliation (MME), to gamma radiation using a 22 Na source .…”