A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Liquid–Solid Nano-fluid Flow in Horizontal Pipe

Shnain, Zainab Y.; Ali, Jamal M.; Sukkar, Khalid A.; Alsaffar, May Ali; Abid, Mohammad F.

doi:10.1007/s13369-021-05512-y

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, the tiny particles lost the elongated range order, thus adopts the localize pattern of octahedral symmetry. The vacancy of stretching band owing to oxalate and acetate confirm complete creation of ZnO [26,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Effect of Solvent-Modification on the Physicochemical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method

Shnain

Toma

Abdulhussein

et al. 2021

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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This study investigated the solvent effect on the synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle using sol-gel method. Zinc acetate dihydrate and oxalic acid were used as a chemical precursor for the synthesis of the ZnO nanoparticle considering the effects of various solvents. The effect of using water, propanol, or ethanol as solvent during the synthesis were examined. The resultant gel in the aqueous and organic moderate solvent was thermally cracked into ZnO nanoparticles at 450 °C under atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the solvent type has a significant effect on the morphology and particles size of the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the microstructure of the nanoparticles. The crystalline and chemical structure of the prepared ZnO nanoparticle were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The average diameter of nano-size particles obtained for ethanol, propanol and water are 79.55 nm, 83.86 nm and 85.59 nm, respectively. ZnO particles showed higher degree of crystalline in water compared to other solvents under current investigation. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Effect of Solvent-Modification on the Physicochemical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method

Shnain

Toma

Abdulhussein

et al. 2021

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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“…Recently, surface drag reduction techniques have been developed rapidly, which are classified into two categories: active and passive. Active drag reduction mainly uses additional equipment to transport substances or energy to the surface of the vehicle and its turbulent boundary layer for drag reduction by controlling the flow field structure, for example, drag reduction by polymer addition, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] boundary layer heating, [13] wall suction/ejection, [14][15][16][17][18] and wall vibration. [19,20] The method of reducing drag without energy input is called "passive" drag reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on Bioinspired Textured Surfaces toward Fluid Drag Reduction: Recent Progresses and Challenges

et al. 2021

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After a long period of biological evolution, natural creatures will inevitably evolve body surfaces suitable for the living environment. The functions of natural biological surfaces are abundant and powerful, including antiadhesion, self‐cleaning, drag reduction, anti‐icing, wear resistance, and other characteristics. In the context of coping with the energy crisis, inspired by natural biological surface microstructures, researchers explore biomimetic surface microstructures that reduce fluid drag and investigate the mechanisms of drag reduction. Herein, mainly the current state of research on biomimetic textured surfaces that can be applied to fluid drag reduction is reviewed and the microstructures’ morphology, drag reduction mechanisms, and the fabrication techniques of textured surfaces are discussed in detail. In particular, the experimental methods for measuring the drag reduction effect of textured surfaces are introduced, which is extremely rare. The article concludes with a summary of existing problems and future directions in the research of biomimetic surface drag reduction technology. This Review can provide a reference for practical application and laboratory research of drag reduction in marine transportation, military weapons, aviation, and pipeline systems.

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“…From an engineering point of view, numerical models have been widely applied to predict the flow behavior of heavy crude oil [12][13][14][15]. Newly proposed technologies in heavy crude oil transport must decrease the impedance to lower the values of the pump requests, and this process should be made more economical [16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

Hamied¹,

Ali²,

Sukkar³

2023

Fluid Dynamics &Amp; Materials Processing

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The process of transporting crude oil across pipelines is one of the most critical aspects of the midstream petroleum industry. In the present experimental work, the effect of temperature, pressure drop, and pipe diameter on the flow rate of heavy crude oil have been assessed. Moreover, the total discharge and energy losses have been evaluated in order to demonstrate the improvements potentially achievable by using solar heating method replacing pipe, and adjusting the value of the initial pressure difference. Crude oil of API = 20 has been used for the experiments, with the studied pipelines sections connecting the separator unit to the storage tank operating at a temperature of 25°C-100°C, pressure drop of 3, 4, 5, and 6 kg/cm 2 , and with pipe diameter of 4, 6, and 8 in. The results show that on increasing the temperature and/or the pressure drop, the flow rate through the pipeline becomes higher, thus raising the total pumping energy (as the pipe diameter increase), while energy losses increase from the last separator to the storage tank in the field. A pipe diameter increase can also produce a growth of the total pumping energy (i.e., energy losses increase). The results of the present analysis suggest that employing an optimal temperature (50°C) is needed to ensure good performance.

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A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Liquid–Solid Nano-fluid Flow in Horizontal Pipe

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

The Effect of Solvent-Modification on the Physicochemical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method

The Effect of Solvent-Modification on the Physicochemical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method

Focus on Bioinspired Textured Surfaces toward Fluid Drag Reduction: Recent Progresses and Challenges

Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

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