A computational model of reading across development: Effects of literacy onset on language processing

Chang, Ya‐Ning; Monaghan, Padraic; Welbourne, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2019.05.003

Cited by 50 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…A fully implemented triangle model of learning to read was developed Chang, Monaghan, & Welbourne , 2019;Harm & Seidenberg, 2004;Monaghan et al, 2017). The model learned to map between representations of orthography, phonology, and semantics of words.…”

Section: Simulation 1: Learning To Read An Artificial Orthographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following previous simulation work (Chang, Welbourne & Monaghan, 2019;Harm & Seidenberg, 2004), the nearest neighbour measure was used to assess the phonological and semantic representations that the model developed. For testing the model's phonological output, we determined the number of words for which all phonemes were correctly produced.…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationships between oral language and reading instruction: Evidence from a computational model of reading

Chang¹,

Taylor²,

Rastle³

et al. 2019

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To become a proficient reader, children must learn mappings between print, sound and meaning. Using learning of artificial orthographies, studies have compared print-to-sound or print-to-meaning focused reading training and demonstrated that print-to-sound training is superior for learning to read. However, the extent to which this advantage is dependent on prior acquisition of effective oral language skills remains unclear. To explore this issue, we developed a series of computational models of reading incorporating orthographic, phonological and semantic processing to simulate both artificial and natural orthographic learning conditions in adults and children. We exposed the models to sound- or meaning-focused reading training, but tested the influence of the models’ oral language proficiency on the effectiveness of these training regimes. Overall, the simulations showed that oral language skills are a key determinant of the behavioural advantage of print-to-sound focused reading training. The results emphasise that early reading training should address development of both oral language skills and print-to-sound mappings.

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Section: Simulation 1: Learning To Read An Artificial Orthographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between oral language and reading instruction: Evidence from a computational model of reading

Chang¹,

Taylor²,

Rastle³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…In a theoretical position piece Frost (2012) This is not an issue for the broad theoretical framework, however it does place limitations on the validity of our results for consonantal systems, as the increased importance of pre-activated semantic information in consonantal systems from contextual information during reading is likely to have significant implications for the processing dynamics within the reading system. Exploring such an influence of pre-activated semantic information on the dynamics of processing in a consonantal system is a potential line of future investigation that could be explored using the modelling framework presented in this paper (see Chang, Monaghan & Welbourne, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Networks were trained on a total of 150,000 pre-literacy trials before the onset of literacy training. This ensured that networks were able to perform all tasks to a high degree of accuracy before the onset of literacy training: for the phonological retention and semantic retention tasks, accuracy was 100%; for the speech comprehension task (phonology to semantics mappings), accuracy was 95% (this was the maximum possible because 5% of the training patterns were indistinguishable without additional implementation of contextual information for meaning, e.g., Chang, Monaghan, and Welbourne, 2019, because of the inclusion of homophones in the training set); and for speech production (semantics to phonology mappings) accuracy was 100%. In each case, an accurate response was when the output at the final, 12 th step was closest to the target than to any other pattern in the training set, using cosine distance.…”

Section: Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of orthographic systems on the developing reading system: Typological and computational analyses.

Smith¹,

Monaghan²,

Huettig³

2021

Psychological Review

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Orthographic systems vary dramatically in the extent to which they encode a language's phonological and lexico-semantic structure. Studies of the effects of orthographic transparency suggest that such variation is likely to have major implications for how the reading system operates. However, such studies have been unable to examine in isolation the contributory effect of transparency on reading due to co-varying linguistic or socio-cultural factors. We first investigated the phonological properties of languages using the range of the world's orthographic systems (alphabetic; alphasyllabic; consonantal; syllabic; logographic), and found that, once geographical proximity is taken into account, phonological properties do not relate to orthographic system. We then explored the processing implications of orthographic variation by training a connectionist implementation of the triangle model of reading on the range of orthographic systems whilst controlling for phonological and semantic structure. We show that the triangle model is effective as a universal model of reading, able to replicate key behavioural and neuroscientific results. Importantly, the model also generates new predictions deriving from an explicit description of the effects of orthographic transparency on how reading is realised and defines the consequences of orthographic systems on reading processes.

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“…One in eight of the strategies that can be done to build early literacy is by providing activities that increase children's awareness [4], [6], [8], [9]. From the sound of language or that words consist of the smallest unit of sound, namely the alphabet [7], [8], [10]. These activities include playing games and listening to stories, reciting poems, and songs that involve poetry, identifying words that end with the same sound [5], [16], [17].…”

Section: Jampé-jampé Harupat Jampé-jampé Harupat Geura Gedé Geura Lumpatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Literacy Value on Kakawihan

Opik¹,

Rahman²,

Sunendar³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Local Wisdom, INCOLWIS 2019, August 29-30, 2019, Padang,

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Sundanese culture in the care of children is known as kakawihan. Realized or not, a kakawihan which is sung by parents when caring for children is the process of introducing early literacy, especially related to literacy in the scope of Sundanese culture and language. As time goes by, the flow of globalization that infiltrated every part of life in Indonesian society slowly eroded the culture of each ethnicity, including the culture of the Sundanese people, one of which was kakawihan which was used to nurture children. In this case, the researcher conducted a study aimed at obtaining a comprehensive picture of the value of early literacy in kakawihan which is used to care for children. This study uses the content analysis method. The research techniques used are in the form of document studies, observations, and interviews. Based on the results of the study, it was found that kakawihan used to care for children contained early literacy values within the scope of Sundanese language and culture. Kakawihan is used in caring for children, besides being used by the closest people, it is also done with compassion to foster phonological awareness, knowledge of letters, and children's vocabulary in Sundanese.

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A computational model of reading across development: Effects of literacy onset on language processing

Cited by 50 publications

References 95 publications

The relationships between oral language and reading instruction: Evidence from a computational model of reading

The relationships between oral language and reading instruction: Evidence from a computational model of reading

The effect of orthographic systems on the developing reading system: Typological and computational analyses.

Early Literacy Value on Kakawihan

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