A concept of corporate planning

Inter- and intra-organizational conditions for supply chain integration with BIM

“…The contractors -through their commercial decisionsinfluenced their partners' BIM adoption and investment, an evidence against Porwal and Hewage (2013) who claimed that BIM maturity and adoption mainly depend on clients. Ackoff (1970) and Mintzberg, Lambe, Brian Quinn, and Ghoshal (1996) divided corporate planning into strategic, tactical, and operational levels and addressed the danger of detaching top management from tactical decisions and work floor operations (Mintzberg et al, 1996). The contractors presented such detachment; as despite displaying 'top management support' (Mentzer et al, 2001) for SC partnering and BIM, there was apparently an incongruence in understanding and planning BIM-based projects between senior and middle management (see contractors' narratives).…”

“…As decisionmaking is usually divided into strategic, tactical, and operational (Ackoff, 1970;Mintzberg et al, 1996), these levels affect the inter-and intra-organizational relations. The firms should not only align intraorganizationally and operationally but also inter-organizationally and strategically with BIM.…”

Forecasting: its role and value for planning and strategy

“…Although the early attempts concentrated on long range planning (Ackoff, 1970), later there was a shift towards corporate strategy (Ansoff, 1979;Lorange and Vancil, 1977;Malmlow, 1972;Steiner, 1979) as it was recognized that trends can change and unexpected events can occur rendering long range plans useless.…”

On doing knowledge management

“…Decisions are part of a sequence of cognitive operations that have been described in the literature in slightly varying terms, using many names (e.g., the organizational leaning cycle, Ackoff, 1970, the experiential learning cycle, Kolb andFry, 1975, Kolb, 1984, the adaptive loop, Haeckel, 1999,…”