“…In the literature, a number of systems [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] rely on sensor fusion to understand more of the surrounding scenes. Along this line, proof-of-concepts were also investigated in [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ] to use highly integrated radars to warn against collisions with pedestrians and cars, taking into consideration that fast-moving objects are response-time critical. Arguably, for navigation assistance, an even greater concern lies in the depth data from almost all commercial 3D sensors, which suffer from a limited depth range and could not maintain the robustness across various environments [ 22 , 26 , 29 , 37 ].…”