A conceptual model of independence and dependence for adults with chronic physical illness and disability

Adaptation to disability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: neglected relationships to older adults' perceptions of independence

“…This emphasis on burden of care reflects a medical model of disablement that fails to consider the social and environmental barriers to which individuals must continually adapt in order to remain physically independent. 23,24 Studies in aging suggest that a more complex view of independence is required to capture the consequences of chronic illness in later life. 25,26 In particular, research with chronic musculoskeletal illnesses 21 -28 indicates that older adults interpret and respond to external circumstances to actively shape their independence, and that '.…”

“…made by individuals will be private or internal and can only be inferred by others'. 23 Therefore, in this research we give explicit recognition to subjective sense of independence. We hypothesize that perceptions of independence in older adults with COPD will be related to the difficulties they have with ordinary tasks, the strategies they use to manage these difficulties, and their sense of self-efficacy, but we anticipate that these relationships will vary by domain of activity.…”

Conceptualizing autonomy in the context of chronic physical illness: relating philosophical theories to social scientific perspectives

“…Gignac and Cott (1998) distinguish four types of dependence/independence: dependence (needs and receives assistance); imposed dependence (does not need, but receives assistance); independence (does not need and does not receive assistance); and non-independence (needs, but does not receive assistance). As mentioned earlier, we might also think of people as interdependent, that is, dependent on each other, rather than distinguishing between dependence and independence (Tronto, 1993).…”

Atendimento psicológico a pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica: em busca de ajustamento psicológico

“…O desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas e incapacidades na vida adulta são associados à deterioração, à redução de competências, ao aumento da necessidade de ajuda, à dor física e emocional resultante em perda da independência e ao aumento de necessidade de assistência (Gignac & Cott, 1998). Lima (1989, citado por Cesarino & Casagrande, 1998) afirma que os pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica acabam tornando-se pessoas desanimadas, desesperadas e, muitas vezes, por estas razões ou por falta de orientação, acabam abandonando o tratamento ou não dando importância aos cuidados constantes que deveriam ter.…”