A Conceptual Model of Irritability Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

This multidimensional model provides a framework for assessment, treatment, and future research aimed at better understanding irritability, as well as the development of assessment tools and treatment interventions.

Experiences of giving and receiving care in traumatic brain injury: An integrative review

“…Two papers combined data from France and Canada. The review included 16 generic qualitative studies (Damkliang, Considine, Kent, & Street, ; Fleming et al., ; Freeman, Adams, & Ashworth, ; Gebhardt, McGehee, Grindel, & Testani‐Dufour, ; Hammond, Davis, Cook, Philbrick, & Hirsch, ; Holm, Schönberger, Poulsen, & Caetano, ; Jumisko et al., ; Keenan & Joseph, ; Lefebvre & Levert, ; Lefebvre, Pelchat, Swaine, Gelinas, & Levert, ; Mbakile‐Mahlanza, Manderson, & Ponsford, ; Pryor, ; Saban, Hogan, Hogan, & Pape, ; Searby & Maude, ; Soreny, ; Webster et al., ). Eight of the qualitative papers applied a phenomenological approach: six used descriptive phenomenology (Erikson et al., ; Hooson et al., ; Howes, Benton, & Edwards, ; Kao & Stuifbergen, ; Turner et al., ; Wongvatunyu & Porter, ), and two used hermeneutic phenomenology (Johnson, ; Jumisko, Lexell, & Söderberg, ).…”

“…Eight of the qualitative papers applied a phenomenological approach: six used descriptive phenomenology (Erikson et al., ; Hooson et al., ; Howes, Benton, & Edwards, ; Kao & Stuifbergen, ; Turner et al., ; Wongvatunyu & Porter, ), and two used hermeneutic phenomenology (Johnson, ; Jumisko, Lexell, & Söderberg, ). Two studies used grounded theory (Nochi, ; Villaneuva, ), and one used participatory research (Hammond et al., ) and two used mixed methods (Chamberlain, ; O'Callaghan, McAllister, & Wilson, ). Finally, three used cross‐sectional surveys (Coco, Tossavainen, Jääskeläinen, & Turunen, ; Jaimes, Thompson, Landis, & Warms, ; Oyesanya, Thomas, Brown, & Turkstra, ).…”

“…People with TBI described professional care that often lacked empathy, generated psychological distress, and they longed to return home or to their families (Johnson, ). However, family caregivers’ negative comments, criticisms and family dynamics could also heighten peoples’ irritability (Hammond et al., ; Howes et al., ). This sequence of narratives suggests that the lack of perceived compassionate care generated negative perceptions of self among individuals with TBI, devaluing their sense of personhood .…”

“…People with TBI expressed living in a changed body along with altered behaviour and emotions. Challenging behaviours included increased irritability, changed physical and emotional behaviours as well as having to do things slower than they did before (Hammond et al., ; Holm et al., ; Mbakile‐Mahlanza et al., ; Nochi, ). People with TBI experienced anxiety when professional caregivers made changes to their daily routines, and they were also troubled by memory loss, confusion and mental health changes (Hammond et al., ; Holm et al., ; Mbakile‐Mahlanza et al., ).…”

Irritability in Huntington's Disease: Factor Analysis of Snaith's Irritability Scale

“…Irritability is often reported in people with a variety of neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease, 1 Huntington's disease (HD), 2 Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, 3 and traumatic brain injury. 4 Irritability is understood as a temporary mood state characterized by impatience, intolerance, and poorly controlled anger; 5 it may result in verbal or behavioral outbursts, although the mood may be present without these observed manifestations, is subjectively unpleasant, and can be brief or prolonged. 6 Although irritability has not been the subject of significant empirical research across both clinical and normative samples, it warrants further study given that it has important clinical implications.…”