A conceptual model of the influence of stress on female reproduction

Dobson, H.; Ghuman, S. P. S.; Prabhakar, S.; Smith, Robert F.

doi:10.1530/rep.0.1250151

Cited by 137 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the present research, we had to use a reduced number of animals due to ethical recommendations, since that the procedure of repetitive restraint is very stressful and sometimes harmful for the individuals. In fact, it is known that the stress, as a consequence of management practices, could negatively interfere in the dynamics of the peptides and steroidal hormones involved in reproductive function (Dobson et al 2003). However, we believe that such interference did not happen in the present study, since all females presented regular cycles, with hormonal peaks similar to those previously described for the species (Mayor et al 2006b(Mayor et al , 2007a.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Estrus cycle monitoring of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) in semiarid conditions

et al. 2014

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RESUMO.-[Monitoramento de ciclo estral em catetos (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro em condições semiáridas.] Os catetos (Peccary tajacu) estão entre as espécies mais caçadas na América Latina devido a apreciação de seu couro e carne. No intuito de otimizar o manejo produtivo de catetos nascidos em cativeiro sob condições semiáridas, o objetivo foi descrever e correlacionar as modificações verificadas no padrão ultrassonográfico ovariano, o perfil hormonal, a aparência vulvar, e a citologia vaginal durante o ciclo estral nesta espécie. Durante 45 dias, fêmeas (n=4) foram submetidas a coleta de sangue destinado a dosagem hormonal por meio de teste imuno-enzimático (EIA). Na mesma ocasião, foram conduzidas a avaliação da genitália externa, a ultrassonografia ovariana e a citologia vaginal. Os resultados são apresentados com média e desvio padrão De acordo com a dosagem hormonal, foram identificados seis ciclos estrais, com duração 21,0±5,7 dias, sendo em média 6 dias de fase estrogênica e 15 dias de fase proges- Collared peccaries (Peccary tajacu) are among the most hunted species in Latin America due the appreciation of their pelt and meat. In order to optimize breeding management of captive born collared peccaries in semiarid conditions, the objective was to describe and correlate the changes in the ovarian ultrasonographic pattern, hormonal profile, vulvar appearance, and vaginal cytology during the estrus cycle in this species. During 45 days, females (n=4) were subjected each three days to blood collection destined to hormonal dosage by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In the same occasions, evaluation of external genitalia, ovarian ultrasonography and vaginal cytology were conducted. Results are presented as means and standard deviations. According to hormonal dosage, six estrous cycles were identified as lasting 21.0 ± 5.7 days, being on average 6 days for the estrogenic phase and 15 days for the progesterone phase. Estrogen presented mean peak values of 55.6 ± 20.5 pg/mL. During the luteal phase, the high values for progesterone were 35.3 ± 4.4 ng/mL. The presence of vaginal mucus, a reddish vaginal mucosa and the separation of the vulvar lips were verified in all animals during the estrogenic peak. Through ultrasonography, ovarian follicles measuring 0.2±0.1 cm were visualized during the estrogen peak. Corpora lutea presented hyperechoic regions measuring 0.4±0.2 cm identified during luteal phase. No significant differences (P>0.05) between proportions of vaginal epithelial cells were identified when comparing estrogenic and progesterone phases. In conclusion, female collared peccaries, captive born in semiarid conditions, have an estral cycle that lasts 21.0±5.7 days, with estrous signs characterized by vulvar lips edema and hyperemic vaginal mucosa, coinciding with developed follicles and high estrogen levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Estrus cycle monitoring of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) in semiarid conditions

et al. 2014

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“…Immune stress stimulates not only cortisol release, but also other HPA axis components, increases the synthesis and release of arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus, stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone from the pituitary and corticosterone or cortisone from the adrenal cortex (Dadoun et al, 1998;Melmed, 2001). All of them exhibit inhibitory proprieties in relation to the HPG axis (Battaglia et al, 1998;Dobson et al, 2003;Maeda and Tsukamura, 2006). Nevertheless, activation of the HPA axis does not seem to be essential for reproductive disorders during endotoxin-induced inflammatory challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of repeated endotoxin injections on gonadotropin secretion in ewes

et al. 2014

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“…Disruptive effects of 5-HT on female reproduction are well recognized [37,50,56,67]. In addition, several of the effects of fluoxetine (in particular, reduced food intake [3,4,6,23] and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [54,68]) might be anticipated to substantially alter the neuroendocrine system and thereby influence the female's reproductive cycle [2,7,26,27,29,53,69].However, in a report by Matuszczyk et al [35], sexual behavior and vaginal cyclicity of female rats were examined during 3 weeks of treatment with 10 mg/kg fluoxetine [35]. Fluoxetine reduced sexual behavior, but had no disruptive effect on the female's vaginal cycle.…”

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confidence: 99%

Daily male exposure attenuates estrous cycle disruption by fluoxetine

Sarkar

Hiegel

Maswood

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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Fluoxetine (Prozac®) produces sexual dysfunction in a substantial number of patients. In the few animal studies designed to address this sexual dysfunction in females, data have been inconsistent. Some investigators report that the drug disrupts sexual behavior without affecting the estrous cycle while we have reported robust effects of fluoxetine on the estrous cycle. The current studies were designed to initiate examination of procedural differences that may account for these contradictory outcomes. In the first experiment, intact, regularly cycling female rats were injected daily for 10 days with 10 mg/kg fluoxetine (intraperitoneally) or vehicle. Male-exposed, fluoxetine-or vehicle-treated rats were housed in a room with males and placed for 5 min/day into a male's cage. Other fluoxetinetreated females were housed in a room separate from males. In the second experiment, this protocol was repeated for 20 days and an additional group of females were exposed to male bedding for 5 min/day. Without male exposure, fluoxetine rapidly disrupted vaginal estrus and sexual receptivity so that approximately 50% of the rats failed to show vaginal estrus during the first 5 days; and the majority of the rats had a blocked cycle by 10 days of treatment. With male exposure, these reproductive effects were attenuated. The majority of rats cycled normally during the first 5 days of treatment and more than half cycled throughout the experiment. Loss of behavioral receptivity occurred even when normal estrous cyclicity was present. Although exposure to the male's bedding may have delayed the onset of estrous cycle disruption, five min daily exposure to a male's bedding did not prevent the disruptive effects of fluoxetine. These findings are consistent with evidence that fluoxetine's effect on female sexual dysfunction may result, in part, from the drugs' disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, the data also evidence dissociation between the effects of fluoxetine on vaginal and behavioral estrus. These findings may also explain why different laboratories have reported the presence or absence of estrous cycle disturbances following daily treatment with fluoxetine. KeywordsSSRIs; intact rats; sexual behavior; pheromones; progesterone; estrus INTRODUCTIONSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac®), are effective in the treatment of depression [32,66] but produce sexual dysfunction in a substantial number of patients [12,19,38,39,55,59]. Although the high prevalence of SSRI-induced sexual *Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, Phone: 940-898-2356, FAX: 940-898-2382.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that durin...

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A conceptual model of the influence of stress on female reproduction

Cited by 137 publications

References 39 publications

Estrus cycle monitoring of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) in semiarid conditions

Estrus cycle monitoring of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) in semiarid conditions

The effect of repeated endotoxin injections on gonadotropin secretion in ewes

Daily male exposure attenuates estrous cycle disruption by fluoxetine

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