A Connecting Network with Fault Tolerance Capabilities

Ciminiera, Luigi; Serra, Angelo

doi:10.1109/tc.1986.5009436

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This line of work considers interconnection networks where, unlike our setting, (a) packets traverse the network in one direction from the first stage and exit at the last stage so early forwarding opportunities do not exist, and (b) do not incorporate trunks. Since early forwarding is not possible, designers over-provision the networks [1,11,14,15,26,30,35,36], by replicating stages, links, or the entire network. Our work achieves fault tolerance without over-provisioning.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards highly available clos-based WAN routers

Supittayapornpong

Raghavan

Govindan

2019

Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

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The performance and availability of cloud and content providers often depends on the wide area networks (WANs) they use to interconnect their datacenters. WAN routers, which connect to each other using trunks (bundles of links), are sometimes built using an internal Clos topology connecting merchant-silicon switches. As such, these routers are susceptible to internal link and switch failures, resulting in reduced capacity and low availability. Based on the observation that today's WAN routers use relatively simple trunk wiring and routing techniques, we explore the design of novel wiring and more sophisticated routing techniques to increase failure resilience. Specifically, we describe techniques to 1) optimize trunk wiring to increase effective internal router capacity so as to be resilient to internal failures, 2) compute the effective capacity under different failure patterns, and 3) use these to compute compact routing tables under different failure patterns, since switches have limited routing table sizes. Our evaluations show that our approach can mask failures of up to 75% of switches in some cases without exceeding routing table limits, whereas competing techniques can sometimes lose half of a WAN router's capacity with a single failure.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards highly available clos-based WAN routers

Supittayapornpong

Raghavan

Govindan

2019

Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

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“…Figure 2 shows an EGN-2 of size 8 with 4X4 switches. 3 : if several sources need to access the same memory location (or module), each source can use a path in a different group from others, assuming memory interface is enhanced with "cornbining" [6,16,191. However, since such uses of an EGN are beyond the scope of this paper, we will not exploit such issues further.…”

Section: Design Of Extra Group Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods include to increase the number of stages [2], to use multiple links between switches [3,11,131, to increase the size of switches [12], to partition a unique path network into several subnetworks IS], and to incorporate multiple copies of a basic network 17, 151. For example, an Extra Stage Cube network [2] has a redundant stage to provide two paths for every source-destination pair, while a d-replicated network 17) (or layered banyan network (51) provides redundant paths by replicating d identical basic networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extra group network: a cost-effective fault-tolerant multistage interconnection network

Wei

Lee

1988

SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News

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This paper introduces a new class of fault-tolerant multistage interconnection networks, dubbed as Extra Group Networks (EGNs). An EGN-m of size N is designed to have m +1 unique path multistage networks of size N/m. This approach of constructing the network allows that an EGN-m can provide "full access" capability in the presence of multiple faults, up to m, in any stage. EGNs can also maintain the permutation capability of the unique path multistage network of size N in the presence of any single fault. We show that EGNs are more cost-effective than other previously proposed fault-tolerant multistage interconnection networks with a similar fault-tolerant capability.

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FB‐banyans and FB‐delta networks: Fault‐tolerant networks for broadband packet switching

Chen

Lee

Yao

et al. 1989

Int. j. digit. analog cabled syst.

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Many fast packet switches for the broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) in the literature are based on banyan networks. Although banyan networks possess nice properties such as a simple control and a low hardware cost, they are unique-path networks. Since there is a unique path from an input to an output in a banyan network, a single component failure may disrupt services of some nodes connected to such a network. Moreover, banyan networks are also blocking networks; packets can be lost within the networks. To reduce the packet loss, buffered banyan networks can be used.In an earlier work' we have proposed the addition of backward links to otherwise unidirectional banyan networks to create B-banyans (and B-delta networks). Backward links not only function as implicit buffers for blocked packets, but also provide multiple paths for each input-output connection. However, the multiple paths in B-banyans may not be disjoint.In this paper, we enhance B-banyans and B-delta networks in such a way that the resulting networks can provide disjoint multiple paths for each input-output pair. The existence of disjoint multiple paths has a significant effect on the network fault-tolerance. The new networks, called FB-banyans and FBdelta networks, are k fault-tolerant, where k is the number of backward links per switch and is less than the switch size. They are also robust to more than k faults, depending on the locations of faults. The maximal fault-tolerance is achieved when k is the switch size minus 1. The performance of the new networks is analysed and compared to that of other networks of interest. FB-banyans and FBdelta networks can be used as a switch fabric for fast packet switches to provide performance comparable to that of buffered banyan networks and good fault tolerance.

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A Connecting Network with Fault Tolerance Capabilities

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Towards highly available clos-based WAN routers

Towards highly available clos-based WAN routers

Extra group network: a cost-effective fault-tolerant multistage interconnection network

FB‐banyans and FB‐delta networks: Fault‐tolerant networks for broadband packet switching

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