A consideration of lithium cell safety

Thermo-Chemical Process Associated with Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode in Lithium Ion Batteries

“…The Fig. 3 also shows an abrupt triggering of heat after 2h of charging is possibly be due to meltdown of the separator (~125°C for polyethylene and ~155°C for polypropylene) (Tobishima et al, 1999)leading to a cell short-circuit. As the passage of overcharge current ends at 2.5h, the joule heating also ceases.…”

“…In consequence, safety became the password of lithium ion battery and it became mandatory for any particular company to evaluate and assure the quality of their product. In order to evaluate and improve the safety standards of lithium ion batteries, abuse tests procedures have been formulated by establishments such as Underwriter's Laboratories, UL-1642 (Under writer's Laboratories, 1995), United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), Electrochemical Storage System Abuse Test Procedure Manual (Spotnitz & Franklin, 2003), and Japan Storage Battery Associations (JBA) (Tobishima & Yamaki, 1999). This chapter presents reviews related to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film which provides stability to the electrode active materials, thermal study on electrode materials, on cell safety, additives to electrolyte, dopants & coatings to electro-active materials and coatings to electrodes.…”

“…Through nail tests on 4/5A size cells reported the safe voltage for a cell with cobalt oxide cathode is higher than that of nickel oxide cathode and with non fluorinated binder than with polyvinylidene fluoride binder. (Tobishima and Yamaki, 1999) reported swelling on overcharge of 600mAh cells with aluminum can charged to 1C and 1.5C for which the safety vent did not open or smoke. On the other hand for a cell charged at 2C rate, the safety vent and anode cap housing welded ultrasonically opened simultaneously.…”

Preparation and characterization of a rechargeable battery based on poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and aluminum in ionic liquids

“…These systems merit study since aluminum is more abundant (~80,000 ppm), cost-effective, and safer than lithium [9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, the theoretical-specific capacity of aluminum (3.0 Ah g −1 ) is comparable to that of lithium (3.9 Ah g −1 ) [14,15]; unlike lithium, aluminum batteries are not flammable and are not endangered by thermal runaway, which is still a very serious problem of lithium-ion batteries [16,17].…”

Electrochemical and Safety Performances of Polyimide Nano fiber-based Nonwoven Separators for Li-ion Batteries

“…In this application, as we know, lithium metal [1][2][3][4][5], a highly-reactive anode material, may cause an explosion if it comes into direct contact with the cathode [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, an electrically insulating membrane to separate the anode from the cathode is critical component for the safety of the lithium-ion battery (LIB).…”