A consideration of the morphology of electrochemically deposited lithium in an organic electrolyte

Yamaki, Jun‐ichi; Tobishima, Shin‐ichi; Hayashi, Katsuya; Saito, Keiichi; Nemoto, Yasue; Arakawa, Masayasu

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(98)00067-6

Cited by 451 publications

(384 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both lithium polysulfide (Li 2 S 8 ) and lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ) were used as additives to the ether-based electrolyte, which enables a synergetic effect leading to the formation of a stable and uniform SEI layer on lithium surface that can greatly minimize the electrolyte decomposition and prevent dendrites from shooting out. By simply manipulating the concentrations of Li 2 S 8 and LiNO 3 , we show that the formation of lithium dendrites can be prevented at a practical current density of 2 mA cm À 2 up to a deposited areal capacity of 6 mAh cm À 2 . We also demonstrate excellent cyclability: the Coulombic efficiency can be maintained at 499% for over 300 cycles at 2 mA cm À 2 with a deposited capacity of 1 mAh cm À 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…L ithium metal, having a high theoretical specific capacity of 3,860 mAh g À 1 and the most negative electrochemical potential among anode materials, has been considered an ideal anode in lithium battery systems over the past four decades [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The recent emerging demand for extended-range electric vehicles has stimulated the development of high-energy storage systems [7][8][9][10] , especially the highly promising lithiumsulfur and lithium-air batteries, in which lithium metal anodes are employed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

et al. 2015

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Lithium metal has shown great promise as an anode material for high-energy storage systems, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low negative electrochemical potential. Unfortunately, uncontrolled dendritic and mossy lithium growth, as well as electrolyte decomposition inherent in lithium metal-based batteries, cause safety issues and low Coulombic efficiency. Here we demonstrate that the growth of lithium dendrites can be suppressed by exploiting the reaction between lithium and lithium polysulfide, which has long been considered as a critical flaw in lithium-sulfur batteries. We show that a stable and uniform solid electrolyte interphase layer is formed due to a synergetic effect of both lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate as additives in ether-based electrolyte, preventing dendrite growth and minimizing electrolyte decomposition. Our findings allow for re-evaluation of the reactions regarding lithium polysulfide, lithium nitrate and lithium metal, and provide insights into solving the problems associated with lithium metal anodes.

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The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

et al. 2015

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“…The variety of data suggests that improvement of the mechanical properties of the ICM such as E ICM or G ICM could markedly inhibit their growth. 21 Sufficient compressive stress exerted on dendrite tips is expected to inhibit their growth 22,23 .…”

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A dendrite-suppressing composite ion conductor from aramid nanofibres

et al. 2015

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Dendrite growth threatens the safety of batteries by piercing the ion-transporting separators between the cathode and anode. Finding a dendrite-suppressing material that combines high modulus and high ionic conductance has long been considered a major technological and materials science challenge. Here we demonstrate that these properties can be attained in a composite made from Kevlar-derived aramid nanofibres assembled in a layer-by-layer manner with poly(ethylene oxide). Importantly, the porosity of the membranes is smaller than the growth area of the dendrites so that aramid nanofibres eliminate 'weak links' where the dendrites pierce the membranes. The aramid nanofibre network suppresses poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization detrimental for ion transport, giving a composite that exhibits high modulus, ionic conductivity, flexibility, ion flux rates and thermal stability. Successful suppression of hard copper dendrites by the composite ion conductor at extreme discharge conditions is demonstrated, thereby providing a new approach for the materials engineering of solid ion conductors.

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“…6 in fact reflect how the morphology and connectivity of deposits change along charging periods. 4,34 Fig. 2a, which is a plot of the voltage V(t) required to maintain constant current i 0 during charge and discharge periods, View Article Online provides revealing insights into the evolution of electrodeposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,[28][29][30][31][32] We view DLC formation as a manifestation of the intrinsic sponginess of Li 0 electrodeposits, 33 and the non-uniform dissolution rates of such deposits upon discharge. 5,34,35 In this paper, we report experimental results on the effect of the duration of the charging period t on the amount of DLCs produced at constant charge. DLC quantification is based on rigorous counting based on the computer analysis of the digitalized images of electrodeposits produced in scaled-up coin cells of our own design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the dependence of dead lithium losses on the cycling period in lithium metal batteries

Aryanfar

Brooks

Colussi

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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We quantify the effects of the duration of the charge-discharge cycling period on the irreversible loss of anode material in rechargeable lithium metal batteries. We have developed a unique quantification method for the amount of dead lithium crystals (DLCs) produced by sequences of galvanostatic charge-discharge periods of variable duration t in a coin battery of novel design. We found that the cumulative amount of dead lithium lost after 144 Coulombs circulated through the battery decreases sevenfold as t shortens from 16 to 2 hours. We ascribe this outcome to the faster electrodissolution of the thinner dendrite necks formed in the later stages of long charging periods. This phenomenon is associated with the increased inaccessibility of the inner voids of the peripheral, late generation dendritic structures to incoming Li + .

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A consideration of the morphology of electrochemically deposited lithium in an organic electrolyte

Cited by 451 publications

References 21 publications

The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

The synergetic effect of lithium polysulfide and lithium nitrate to prevent lithium dendrite growth

A dendrite-suppressing composite ion conductor from aramid nanofibres

Quantifying the dependence of dead lithium losses on the cycling period in lithium metal batteries

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