Quantifying the dependence of dead lithium losses on the cycling period in lithium metal batteries

Aryanfar, Asghar; Brooks, Daniel J.; Colussi, A. J.; Hoffmann, Michael R.

doi:10.1039/c4cp03590a

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…S4 † during the repeated chargedischarge process. 57 The formation of Li dendrites is also detrimental to the cell safety since it can lead to internal shorts in the cell. As a result, the cyclability for the cell employing the Li metal electrode can be severely deteriorated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into degradation of metallic lithium electrodes protected by a bilayer solid electrolyte based on aluminium substituted lithium lanthanum titanate in lithium-air batteries

Hằng

Ngo

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Lithium (Li) metal can be degraded by factors such as irregular Li stripping, Li dendritic growth, and the growth of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, finally leading to the performance deterioration of the Li-air battery. In particular, the operation of the Li-air battery in ambient air remains a considerable challenge due to the possible occurrence of parasitic reactions on Li metal with moisture and other contaminants diffusing from the outside air. In this work, a protected Li electrode (PLE) composed of Li metal covered with a bilayer lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) / aluminium substituted lithium lanthanum titanate (A-LLTO) solid electrolyte was suggested. The mechanism for the degradation of Li electrodes with and without LiPON/A-LLTO protection layer was compared using the Li symmetric cell and Li-air cell by investigating the electrochemical performance of cells and the growth of Li dendrites. The Li symmetric cell employing the LiPON/A-LLTO exhibited superior cyclability to the cell without the solid electrolyte due to the effective suppression of Li dendritic growth. Further, the aprotic Li-air cell employing the PLE showed outstanding electrochemical performance when operated in pure oxygen and even in an air atmosphere: a long life span of 128 cycles in oxygen atmosphere and 20 cycles in air atmosphere under the limited capacity mode of 1000 mAh g -1 . The obtained excellent performance of the Liair cell employing the PLE is attributed to the effective suppression of the Li dendrite growth and electrolyte decomposition with the presence of LiPON/A-LLTO. In addition, dense LiPON/A-LLTO completely protected the Li metal electrode from the penetration of oxygen, moisture, and other contaminants which can degrade the Li metal electrode.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into degradation of metallic lithium electrodes protected by a bilayer solid electrolyte based on aluminium substituted lithium lanthanum titanate in lithium-air batteries

Hằng

Ngo

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…[11] As a result, the fresh Li exposure created by SEI fracturing consumes electrolyte continuously, leading to low coulombic efficiency. [13,14] The "dead" Li with high impedance leads to poor kinetics and shortened lifespan of the battery. Moreover, the fractures of dendrites during repeated Li deposition/stripping result in "dead" Li sections composed of isolated Li fragments surrounded by e −insulating SEI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the fractures of dendrites during repeated Li deposition/stripping result in "dead" Li sections composed of isolated Li fragments surrounded by e −insulating SEI. [13,14] The "dead" Li with high impedance leads to poor kinetics and shortened lifespan of the battery. [15] In order to inhibit Li dendrite growth and build stable SEI layers, considerable efforts have been made.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Top‐Down” Li Deposition Pathway Enabled by an Asymmetric Design for Li Composite Electrode

Yue

Bao

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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safety issue due to dendrite growth during the repeated Li stripping/plating process. [7][8][9] On one hand, the surface defects of the bare Li serve as the active sites to increase the local current density, leading to uneven Li deposition. [10] On the other hand, the "hostless" feature of Li metal results in huge volume change during cycling, causing unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). [11] As a result, the fresh Li exposure created by SEI fracturing consumes electrolyte continuously, leading to low coulombic efficiency. [12] As such, the Li dendrites develop in an uncontrolled fashion that can eventually pierce the separator and cause short circuit. Moreover, the fractures of dendrites during repeated Li deposition/stripping result in "dead" Li sections composed of isolated Li fragments surrounded by e −insulating SEI. [13,14] The "dead" Li with high impedance leads to poor kinetics and shortened lifespan of the battery. [15] In order to inhibit Li dendrite growth and build stable SEI layers, considerable efforts have been made. One approach is the coating of an artificial SEI with high mechanical strength onto the electrode surface. [16][17][18][19] However, because of the volume change of Li metal, the structural integrity of the protective layers is hard to be maintained during prolonged running. In order to remit the volume change, great efforts have been made to design porous frameworks to accommodate Li. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] A series of host frameworks have been reported, such as 3D CoO/Ni foam skeleton, [27] coralloid carbon fiber scaffolds, [28] lithiophilic Cu-Ni core-shell nanowire network, [29] and 3D carbon fiber framework. [30] The host frameworks can not only accommodate the volume change of Li during cycling, but also reduce the local current density. [31][32][33][34] More importantly, the porous structure of these frameworks can suppress the dendrite formation by changing Li plating/ stripping behavior. [35][36][37] It should be noted that most of the reported composited electrodes possess symmetric structure for their two sides, especially for the electrodes fabricated by thermal infusion method. [38] However, as the anode for the battery, the two sides of the electrode are in different environments: one side contacts with the separator, while the other side faces the current collector. The requirements and functions for the two sides are thus quite different. [39] The side facing the separator should be facile for Li-ion transportation.Designing Li composite electrodes with host frameworks for accommodating Li metal has been considered to be an effective approach to suppress Li dendrites. Herein, an asymmetric design of a Mo net/Li metal film (MLF) composite electrode is developed by an inverted thermal infusion method. The asymmetric MLF electrode has a dense oxide passivated layer on the top side, a porous Mo net matrix on the back side, and active Li layer in between. The back side has a larger specific area and higher electric field than the top side, which contacts with ...

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“…The related examples will be discussed in the next section. Different dimensions of metal dendrite have been observed, such as 1D needlelike, 3D moss-like and multidimensional tree-like patterns [47][48][49] . The 1D needle-like and multidimensional tree-like dendrites are the potential safety hazards to cause short circuits of a battery due to their simultaneous growth in the length, while 3D mosslike dendrite tends to grow along all directions where the breadth dominates most usually leading to more dead metal formation.…”

Section: Dendrite Formation and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Na metal anodes

Zhao

Yue

et al. 2018

Journal of Energy Chemistry

117

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Quantifying the dependence of dead lithium losses on the cycling period in lithium metal batteries

Cited by 86 publications

References 45 publications

Insights into degradation of metallic lithium electrodes protected by a bilayer solid electrolyte based on aluminium substituted lithium lanthanum titanate in lithium-air batteries

Insights into degradation of metallic lithium electrodes protected by a bilayer solid electrolyte based on aluminium substituted lithium lanthanum titanate in lithium-air batteries

“Top‐Down” Li Deposition Pathway Enabled by an Asymmetric Design for Li Composite Electrode

Advanced Na metal anodes

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