A Constant‐Density Gurney Approach to the Cylinder Test

Reaugh, J E; Souers, P. C.

doi:10.1002/prep.200400031

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The measured wall velocities go into a Gurney-type equation, which keeps the density of the copper wall constant with expansion [10]. The equation is…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detonation Measurements on Damaged LX‐04

Hsu

Souers

Chidester

et al. 2007

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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We have applied thermal insults on LX-04 at 185 o C and found that the material expanded significantly, resulting in a bulk density reduction of 13%. Subsequent detonation experiments (3 cylinder tests) were conducted on the thermally-damaged LX-04 samples and pristine low-density LX-04 samples and the results showed that the fractions reacted were closed to 1.0. The thermally damaged LX-04 and pristine low-density LX-04 showed detonation velocities of 7.7 to 7.8 mm/µs, significantly lower than that (8.5 mm/µs) of pristine high-density LX-04. Detonation energy densities for the damaged LX-04, low-density pristine LX-04, and hot cylinder shot of LX-04 were 64.8 kJ/cm 3 , 66.2 kJ/cm 3 , and 65.8 kJ/cm 3 , respectively, lower than the detonation energy density of 81.1 kJ/cm 3 for the high density pristine LX-04. The break-out curves for the detonation fronts showed that the damaged LX-04 had longer edge lags than the high density pristine LX-04, indicating that the damaged explosive is less ideal.

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“…The measured wall velocities go into a Gurney-type equation, which keeps the density of the copper wall constant with expansion [10]. The equation is…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detonation Measurements on Damaged LX‐04

Hsu

Souers

Chidester

et al. 2007

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The measured wall velocities go into a Gurney-type equation which keeps the density of the copper wall constant with expansion [9]. The equation is…”

Section: Detonation Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of thermally-damaged LX-17

Hsu

Souers

Haven

et al. 2008

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Thermal damage was applied to o C for several hours. The damaged LX-17 samples, after cooled down to room temperature, were characterized for their material properties (density, porosity, permeability, moduli), safety, and performance. Weight losses upon thermal exposure were insignificant (< 0.1% wt.). The damaged LX-17 samples expanded, resulting in a bulk density reduction of 4.3%. Subsequent detonation measurements (cylinder tests) were conducted on the thermally-damaged LX-17 samples. The results showed that the fractions of damaged LX-17 reacted were slightly lower than those of pristine LX-17. The thermally damaged LX-17 had a detonation velocity of 7.315 mm/µs, lower than that (7.638 mm/µs) of pristine LX-17. Detonation energy density for the damaged LX-17 was 5.08 kJ/cm 3 , about 9.0% lower than the detonation energy density of 5.50 kJ/cm 3 for the pristine LX-17. The break-out curves showed reaction zone lengths for pristine LX-17 and damaged LX-17 were similar but the damaged samples had ragged detonation fronts.

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“…The distance of the probes from the cylinder surface was kept at 11.5 mm, which allowed undisturbed observation of a seven-fold cylinder volume expansion (V/V 0 ≈ 7). The wall velocity at V/V 0 ≈ 7 is sometimes referred to as the terminal velocity (v) in the case of the standard copper cylinder test, with reference values available in the literature [17][18][19]. Using the terminal expansion velocity, the Gurney velocity (G) for ETN was calculated according to the Gurney equation for cylindrical charges [20]:…”

Section: Gurney Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)

Künzel¹,

Matyáš²,

Vodochodský³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a low melting, solid, nitrate ester with significant explosive properties. The increased availability of its precursor (erythritol), which is now used as a sweetener, has attracted attention to the possible misuse of ETN as an improvised explosive. However, ETN also has some potential to be used as a component of military explosives or propellants. This article focuses on the properties of melt-cast ETN. The sensitivity of the compound towards impact and friction was tested. The explosive performance was evaluated, based on cylinder expansion tests and detonation velocity measurements. The impact energy and friction force required for 50% probability of initiation was 3.79 J and 47.7 N, respectively. A Gurney velocity value of G = 2771 m·s −1 and a detonation velocity of 8027 m·s −1 at a charge density of 1.700 g·cm −3, were found for the melt-cast material. The sensitivity characteristics of melt-cast ETN does not differ significantly from either literature values or the authors' data measured using the crystalline material. The explosive performance properties were found to be close to those of PETN.

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A Constant‐Density Gurney Approach to the Cylinder Test

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Detonation Measurements on Damaged LX‐04

Detonation Measurements on Damaged LX‐04

Characterization of thermally-damaged LX-17

Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)

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