Characterization of thermally-damaged LX-17

Hsu, Peter; Souers, Clark; Haven, M. De; Garza, Raul; Alvarez, J. L.; Maienschein, J L

doi:10.1007/s10973-007-8869-y

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pre-and post-exposure measurements of the sample weight, volume, and porosity were performed according to published procedures [7] and are reported in Table 4. Methods for calculating the fraction of open and closed pores are described in the literature [26].…”

Section: Thermally Induced Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

The response of the HMX-based material PBXN-9 to thermal insults: Thermal decomposition kinetics and morphological changes

et al. 2011

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, an HMX-formulation, is thermally damaged and thermally decomposed in order to determine the morphological changes and decomposition kinetics that occur in the material after mild to moderate heating. The material and its constituents were decomposed using standard thermal analysis techniques (DSC and TGA) and the decomposition kinetics are reported using different kinetic models. Pressed parts and prill were thermally damaged, i.e. heated to temperatures that resulted in material changes but did not result in significant decomposition or explosion, and analyzed. In general, the thermally damaged samples showed a significant increase in porosity and decrease in density and a small amount of weight loss. These PBXN-9 samples appear to sustain more thermal damage than similar HMX-Viton A formulations and the most likely reasons are the decomposition/evaporation of a volatile plasticizer and a polymorphic transition of the HMX from  to  phase.

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Section: Thermally Induced Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

The response of the HMX-based material PBXN-9 to thermal insults: Thermal decomposition kinetics and morphological changes

et al. 2011

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“…It has been shown that the presence of porosity, cracks, and defects within energetic materials can have a significant effect on the detonation velocity of the energetic. Specifically, the introduction of small-scale (order � 1-10 μm pores and defects) can produce hot spots that increase sensitivity [28,29], while larger voids ( � 100's μm and larger) have been shown to reduce detonation velocity [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐demand microwave growth of porosity within a granular composite energetic material: Void formation via a dielectric loss phase change binder additive for propellant burning rate control

Lajoie,

Jones,

Lawrence

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This study demonstrates, for the first time ever, the ability to grow, in an on‐command fashion, porosity within a granular composite energetic material to effect a change in energy output rate. Specifically, the study investigates the change in burning rates of ammonium perchlorate composite propellants as a result of porosity created in situ via microwave field‐driven volatilization of the low boiling point binder additive, ethylene glycol. Theoretical mass densities were measured before and after microwave irradiation finding that the maximum observed %TMD change for tested propellants is 6 %. Propellants were burned at 1.72 MPa to 6.89 MPa pressures, finding that for all propellants, microwave irradiation produced a change in ballistic characteristics. Most propellant formulations demonstrate acceptable burning rate parameters for use within rocket motors; some exhibited a large change in their pressure exponent as well as slope breaks attributed to the onset of convective burning, while microwave irradiation produced no change in burning rate or density in reference propellants without the additive. Microwave heating simulation results are presented to gain insight into the thermal environment of the propellant during microwave irradiation. These results provide valuable insight into propellant formulations that can have their burning rates (and thus the thrust profile for motor grains) altered after casting via microwave irradiation.

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“…15 The introduction of coupling agents has been proved to be an economical, rapid, and versatile way to obtain enhanced interfacial bonding properties. [24][25][26] However, the signicant inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonding results in the very low surface energy and poor adhesive performance of TATB. 16 Because of the extraordinary stability under thermal, impact, or shock-initiation conditions, TATB is commonly used in PBXs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23] The blending of TATB and uoropolymer, such as LX-17 (92.5% TATB and 7.5% Kel-F800 by weight) and PBX-9502 (95% TATB and 5% Kel-F800 by weight), provides an effective way to make full use of their respective advantages and has been widely investigated in the academic and industrial elds. [24][25][26] However, the signicant inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonding results in the very low surface energy and poor adhesive performance of TATB. 27,28 In addition, low intermolecular cohesion force, weak interfacial bonding with gas, and very low surface tension of uoropolymer lead to very poor adhesion with other materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear viscoelastic properties of TATB-based polymer bonded explosives modified by a neutral polymeric bonding agent

Lin

Liu

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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The neutral polymeric bonding agent (NPBA) was selected to enhance the interface adherence between 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) crystals and fluoropolymer. The interfacial performance of the composites was investigated by the measurement of contact angle and the interfacial bonding mechanism was studied by XPS analysis. The results indicate that a hydrogen bond between TATB and NPBA is formed. The mechanical analysis of the TATB-based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) revealed that the storage modulus, the mechanical strength and the elongation at break of the formulation modified by NPBA were improved. The creep behaviors of the TATB-based PBXs with and without NPBA were also investigated at different temperatures and stresses. Reduced creep strain and steady-state creep strain rate and prolonged creep failure time were observed for the modified formulation, suggesting enhanced creep resistance performance. The creep experimental data were evaluated using a six-element mechanical model and the long-term creep performance of the materials was predicted using the time-temperature superposition principle. The creep behavior up to 6.0 years at 30 C/4 MPa could be predicted by the short-term experimental data (5400 s) acquired at 30-80 C under 4 MPa.The application of NPBA provides an efficient route to reinforce, toughen, and improve the creep resistance of explosive composites, such as TATB-based PBXs in this study.

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Characterization of thermally-damaged LX-17

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

The response of the HMX-based material PBXN-9 to thermal insults: Thermal decomposition kinetics and morphological changes

The response of the HMX-based material PBXN-9 to thermal insults: Thermal decomposition kinetics and morphological changes

On‐demand microwave growth of porosity within a granular composite energetic material: Void formation via a dielectric loss phase change binder additive for propellant burning rate control

Non-linear viscoelastic properties of TATB-based polymer bonded explosives modified by a neutral polymeric bonding agent

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