A Contemporary Review of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics

Heymann, Gavin C.; Grauer, Dan

doi:10.1111/jerd.12013

Cited by 161 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Other studies also reported that residue accumulation is commonly observed in the clinical scenario during orthodontic therapy with different types of devices (24)(25)(26)(27). In orthodontic patients, caries prevention represents a significant challenge (27) and requires clinical studies in order to prevent and control caries during orthodontic treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Streptococcus mutans in Different Types of Ligature Wires and Elastomeric Chains

et al. 2017

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This study aimed to test the hypothesis that Streptococcus mutans contamination levels differ according to the type of the orthodontic ligature. Thirteen patients were selected. Each quadrant was randomly subjected to one of the following ligature-use protocols: I) elastomeric chain, II) steel ligature crossed over the archwire, III) steel ligature crossed under the archwire, and IV) steel ligature in a figure-eight pattern under the archwire. After seven days, the devices were removed and the Streptococcus mutans colony-forming unit count per mg of biofilm weight was determined. Twelve specimens (n=3) were also processed for scanning electron microscopy analysis. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test were used for comparisons to assess S. mutans differences between groups at a 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference in detectable levels of S. mutans among the groups (p=0.294). Scanning electron microscopy results showed abundant biofilms and microbial contamination in all groups. In conclusion, S. mutans contamination levels are similar in the different orthodontic ligatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Streptococcus mutans in Different Types of Ligature Wires and Elastomeric Chains

et al. 2017

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“…They possess a whiter appearance as a result of mineral loss in the surface layers, which alters the refractory index 2 and increases the scattering of light in the affected area. The appearance of the lesion can vary from an initial loss of mineral to total tooth destruction 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting improvement of postorthodontic white spot lesions

Kim

Katchooi

Bayiri

et al. 2016

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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Introduction:It is well known that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are at greater risk for developing white spot lesions (WSL). Although prevention of WSLs is always the goal, they continue to be a common sequela in patients undergoing orthodontics. For this reason, understanding the patterns of WSL improvement is of great importance to both the patient and the provider. Previous studies have shown some lesions exhibiting significant improvement, while other lesions show limited to no improvement. Our study sought to identify specific patient and tooth-related factors that are most predictive for improvement. Methods: Patients aged 12-20 years, who had at least 1 WSL that developed during orthodontic treatment, were recruited from private dental and orthodontic offices. They all had their braces removed less than 2 months prior to enrollment into the study. Photos were taken at enrollment and 8 weeks later. Paired photographs from the 2 time points were blindly assessed for improvement in appearance by a panel of 5 dental professionals, and by 2 sets of evaluators for changes in surface area and appearance at the individual tooth level. Results: One hundred and one subjects were included in this study. Patient age, brushing frequency, and larger percent surface area affected were associated with increased improvement of lesions. Central incisors showed greater improvement when compared to lateral incisors. Increased time since appliance removal and increased length of orthodontic treatment were associated with decreased improvement. Gender, oral hygiene status, retainer type, location of the lesion (gingival, middle, incisal), presence of staining, and lesion diffuseness were not found to be predictive for improvement. Conclusions: Of the various patient and tooth-related factors examined; age, time since appliance removal, length of orthodontic treatment, tooth type (central vs. lateral incisor), WSL surface area, and brushing frequency had significant associations with WSL improvement.

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“…Regular application of topical fluoride varnish during treatment may reduce the development of white spot lesions adjacent to the bracket base (Stecksen-Blicks et al, 2007). Although the remineralising capacity of fluoride on enamel is accepted, the evidence is not sufficient to support the effectiveness of fluoride in remineralising post orthodontic WSL (Heymann and Grauer, 2013). Fluoride varnishes can be used in the presence of plaque and thorough cleansing of the tooth surface is not required before application of the varnish (Ogaard et al, 2001).…”

Section: Fluoride Varnishmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Spot Lesions

Hasan¹

2015

ijccr

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White spot lesions are an early stage of tooth decay formation. White spot lesions are commonly associated with the fixed orthodontic treatment and it poses a significant problem in the clinical setup. These lesions are caused by tooth demineralization which results in visible enamel changes. Accumulation of plaque around the brackets and its improper removal is the main etiological factor behind the incidence of white spot lesions. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the prevalence of white spot lesions and methods with which it can be prevented.

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A Contemporary Review of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics

Abstract: White spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment are a common problem that can be minimized with appropriate prevention, management, and treatment approaches.

Cited by 161 publications

References 47 publications

Quantification of Streptococcus mutans in Different Types of Ligature Wires and Elastomeric Chains

Quantification of Streptococcus mutans in Different Types of Ligature Wires and Elastomeric Chains

Predicting improvement of postorthodontic white spot lesions

White Spot Lesions

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