Introduction-The aim of this study was to assess the differences in airway shape and volume among subjects with various facial patterns.

White spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment are a common problem that can be minimized with appropriate prevention, management, and treatment approaches.

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The increasing use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) requires changes in our diagnosis and treatment planning methods as well as additional training. The standard for digital computed tomography images is called digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM). In this article we discuss the following concepts: visualization of CBCT images in orthodontics, measurement in CBCT images, creation of 2-dimensional radiographs from DICOM files, segmentation engines and multimodal images, registration and superimposition of 3-dimensional (3D) images, special applications for quantitative analysis, and 3D surgical prediction. CBCT manufacturers and software companies are continually working to improve their products to help clinicians diagnose and plan treatment using 3D craniofacial images.The numbers of clinicians using 3-dimensional (3D) records during diagnosis and treatment planning stages are increasing steadily. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners are becoming more efficient with reduced acquisition time, and software packages developed to process, manage, and analyze 3D images are also undergoing a rapid growth phase. The management of CBCT images differs from that of conventional 2-dimensional (2D) images. Most orthodontists were trained in the 2D era, and the transition to 3D images requires a learning stage. With today's hardware and software improvements, the learning curve is not as steep, but some basic concepts should be taken into account with this new technology.The purpose of this article is to give the clinician some core concepts for 3D diagnosis and treatment planning. The current commercial software applications for clinical management of craniofacial CBCT images are presented and compared with the current standards. The concepts presented here are applicable regardless of the constantly changing software applications. DICOM FILESIn the early 1980s, the American College of Radiology and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association joined forces to standardize the coding of images obtained through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. After successive improvements, in

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