A content-classified bibliography of research on the immediacy behaviors: 1965?82

Patterson, Miles L.; Reidhead, Susan; Gooch, Mary V.; Stopka, Shirley J.

doi:10.1007/bf00985988

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 474 publications

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“…Second, several reference lists were searched for relevant studies. These included bibliographies of research on nonverbal behavior (Davis, 1972; Davis & Skupien, 1982; Obudho, 1979; Patterson, Reidhead, Gooch, & Stopka, 1984; Russell & Fernandez-Dols, 1997; Thorne & Henley, 1975), nonverbal communication texts (Argyle, 1988; Canary & Dindia, 1998; Knapp & Hall, 1997; LaFrance & Mayo, 1978; Philippot, Feldman, & Coats, 1999), several texts on gender (Eagly, 1987; Eakins & Eakins, 1978; J. A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling.

LaFrance¹,

Hecht²,

Paluck³

2003

Psychological Bulletin

435

288

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The authors present a meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling based on 448 effect sizes derived from 162 research reports. There was a statistically significant tendency for women and adolescent girls to smile more than men and adolescent boys (d ϭ 0.41). The authors hypothesized that sex differences in smiling would be larger when concerns about gender-appropriate behavior were made more conspicuous, situational constraints were absent or ambiguous, or emotion (especially negative) was salient. It was also predicted that the size of the sex difference in smiling would vary by culture and age. Moderator analysis supported these predictions. Although men tend to smile less than women, the degree to which this is so is contingent on rules and roles.It is virtually a cliché of Western culture that women are both more emotional and more expressive than men. Although the extent of sex differences 1 in measured emotionality remains in dispute (Brody, 1997;Fischer, 1993;LaFrance & Banaji, 1992), there is substantial agreement that women are more overtly expressive than men

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling.

LaFrance¹,

Hecht²,

Paluck³

2003

Psychological Bulletin

435

288

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Finally, researchers have paid relatively little attention to conversation style and interpersonal involvement (e.g., Tannen, 1986). Most studies have focused on the nonverbal manifestations of involvement in interaction (e.g., Cappella, 1983;Cappella & Greene, 1984;Coker & Burgoon, 1987;Patterson, Reidhead, Gooch & Stopka, 1984).…”

Section: Nvolvement In Interaction Has Been Recognized By Several Smentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of selected linguistic components of involvement in interaction

Cegala

1989

Western Journal of Speech Communication

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“…Importantly, judgments related to body gestures, postures, and movements can be used to infer in-the-moment emotions (Ekman & Friesen, 1967; Tracy & Robins, 2007), attitudes (Mehrabian, 1969; Patterson et al, 1984), intentions (de Gelder, 2013), behavioral tendencies (Carney et al, 2005), and personality traits (Aries et al, 1983; Hall et al, 2008; Satchell et al, 2017). They can also impact downstream evaluations and behaviors toward the target (Ellyson & Dovidio, 1985; Johnson & Shiffrar, 2013; Mehrabian, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posing while black: The impact of race and expansive poses on trait attributions, professional evaluations, and interpersonal relations.

Karmali¹,

Kawakami²

2023

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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A large literature on nonverbal behavior demonstrates that information from body cues can inform our impressions of others. This work, however, has largely focused on perceptions of White targets. The current experiments extend this research by investigating the impact of body poses on trait attributions, professional evaluations, and interpersonal relations for both White and Black targets. In four studies, participants were presented with images of White and Black targets with expansive and constrictive poses. Not surprisingly, Experiment 1 revealed that expansive relative to constrictive poses increased perceptions of dominance for targets of both races. Furthermore, for White and Black targets, perceptions of dominance from expansive poses were mediated by greater attributions of competence. For Black but not White targets, however, perceptions of dominance from expansive poses were mediated by greater attributions of aggression. Three additional experiments examined the influence of poses on evaluations in professional and interpersonal contexts. Experiment 2 indicated that expansive compared to constrictive poses led to greater expectations of professional success for White than Black targets. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that expansive compared to constrictive poses led to a greater willingness to interact in an interpersonal setting with White but not Black targets. Attributions of aggression related to expansive poses by Black targets reduced the likelihood that they were chosen as interaction partners. The implications of these findings for understanding body perception and race relations are discussed.

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A content-classified bibliography of research on the immediacy behaviors: 1965?82

Cited by 5 publications

References 474 publications

The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling.

The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling.

A study of selected linguistic components of involvement in interaction

Posing while black: The impact of race and expansive poses on trait attributions, professional evaluations, and interpersonal relations.

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