A contribution to the definition of the fiber saturation point

Babiak, Marián; Kúdela, Jozef

doi:10.1007/bf00204589

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there is no recent study providing these data on our five species by means of a common method of measurement (Zauer et al 2014;Babiak and Kúdela 1995). Thus, the value of 30 % seems to be the best choice.…”

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract• Key message Variability and interrelations between wood density, water content, and related properties were analyzed by CT scanning of five species. Relative water content of lumens is proposed as the best complement to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species with respect to their functioning. Handling Editor: Jean-Michel LebanContribution of the co-authors Fleur Longuetaud designed the experiment, run the data analysis and was the main writer. Frédéric Mothe designed the experiment, run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Meriem Fournier contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Jana Dlouha contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Philippe Santenoise helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Christine Deleuze supervised the work, coordinated the EMERGE project and contributed to the writing. • Context X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an efficient tool for analysis of wood properties related to density and water content all along a tree stem. Basic specific gravity, an inherent property of the wood material, is well known and widely used in wood sciences.• Aims The first aim of this study was to describe a method for mapping a set of wood properties within a tree stem. The second objective was to analyze the relations among these properties and to identify the one that offers the best information in addition to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species.• Methods Wood discs were collected at various heights along a tree stem. We used a method consisting of comparing the CT images of the discs in the green state and after oven drying. Finally, 10 variables were computed for 115 trees of five temperate species: green, oven-dry, and basic specific gravities; moisture content; relative water content; relative water content of lumens; and fractions of air, water, free water, and cell walls.• Results Maps of wood properties summarizing the radial and vertical variations were obtained, allowing us to highlight species-specific patterns. The five species were discriminated best when plotted in the plane defined by basic specific gravity and relative water content of lumens.• Conclusion The proposed method is original and simple enough to process large samples. Because it correlated less with basic specific gravity than with moisture content, relative water content of lumens was selected for species characterization. This is the first study of such wood properties at this fine scale within a tree stem, simultaneously and for a substantial number of trees of five species including both hardwoods and softwoods.

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Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The value of 30 % is widely accepted in the community of wood researchers (Forest Products Laboratory 2010). Actually, MC F SP varies depending on species (with smaller variation for temperate species than for tropical ones) and depending on the methods used to measure it (Babiak and Kúdela 1995).…”

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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“…Almeida and Herná ndez (2006a,b) and Herná ndez and Pontin (2006) studied the dimensional changes in wood as the EMC was reduced and concluded that there was loss of cell wall bound water above FSP. Babiak and Kú dela (1995) note that there are many different ways of measuring FSP and that the values, and in some cases the definitions of FSP, vary. They suggest instead a new term called the cell wall saturation limit y(CWS), defined as:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reduction in the fibre saturation point of wood due to chemical modification using anhydride reagents: A reappraisal

Hill

2008

HFSG

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The data from a previous study of the moisture adsorption of Corsican pine modified with linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides (acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, hexanoic) has been reanalysed so that moisture content is reported as a percentage of cell wall mass only. As part of this work, the change in fibre saturation point (FSP, determined from fits of the Hailwood-Horrobin model) of the modified wood has been determined as a function of weight percentage gain (WPG). The change in FSP is not determined by the extent of hydroxyl substitution of the cell wall, but is related to WPG only (as reported previously). This is also true for the relationship between monolayer water, polylayer water, molecular weight per sorption site at saturation and WPG. However, there is no simple linear relationship between calculated FSP and WPG. When the FSP was determined by solute exclusion methods, the reduction thereof could be simply explained as due to bulking of the cell wall by the bonded acyl substituents. This is not the case when the FSP is determined from adsorption isotherms. This result is interpreted as an ambiguity of determination of FSP from projections of sorption isotherms. Differences in FSP determined by the two methods (sorption versus solute exclusion) are considered to be due to incomplete wetting of the lignocellulosic material when absorbing moisture from the initial dry state.

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“…The technique can, however, also be used to differentiate cell wall water from liquid water outside cell walls in the over-hygroscopic RH range as long as a sufficient amount of freezable water is present. Although the DSC technique removes the sample from its conditioning temperature and FSP has been reported to change with temperature (Babiak and Kudela 1995;Stamm and Loughborough 1935), it would be unreasonable to relate the determined FSP to a temperature around 0°C since the experimental run in the DSC is much shorter than the time to equilibrate MC. Therefore, it can be assumed that the determined FSP relates to the conditioning temperature.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For practical purposes, for example for structural engineering applications of wood with a strong focus on mechanical performance, the traditional concept of FSP works well. However, from a scientific standpoint the concept is problematic (Babiak and Kudela 1995;Feist and Tarkow 1967), and it mischaracterises the wood-water relations. Instead, in this review, FSP is regarded as the maximum cell wall water capacity measured in the fully water-saturated state (Hill 2008).…”

Section: Fibre Saturation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental techniques for characterising water in wood covering the range from dry to fully water-saturated

2017

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Water plays a central role in wood research, since it affects all material properties relevant to the performance of wood materials. Therefore, experimental techniques for characterising water within wood are an essential part of nearly all scientific investigations of wood materials. This review focuses on selected experimental techniques that can give deeper insights into various aspects of water in wood in the entire moisture domain from dry to fully water-saturated. These techniques fall into three broad categories: (1) gravimetric techniques that determine how much water is absorbed, (2) fibre saturation techniques that determine the amount of water within cell walls, and (3) spectroscopic techniques that provide insights into chemical wood-water interactions as well as yield information on water distribution in the macro-void wood structure. For all techniques, the general measurement concept is explained, its history in wood science as well as advantages and limitations.

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A contribution to the definition of the fiber saturation point

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

The reduction in the fibre saturation point of wood due to chemical modification using anhydride reagents: A reappraisal

Experimental techniques for characterising water in wood covering the range from dry to fully water-saturated

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