Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a viral arthropod-borne disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants, caused by infection with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). EHDV is transmitted to vertebrate animal hosts by biting midges in the genus
Culicoides
Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).
Culicoides sonorensis
Wirth and Jones is the only confirmed vector of EHDV in the United States but is considered rare in Florida and not sufficiently abundant to support EHDV transmission. This study used ecological niche modeling to map the potential geographical distributions and associated ecological variable space of four
Culicoides
species suspected of transmitting EHDV in Florida, including
Culicoides insignis
Lutz,
Culicoides stellifer
(Coquillett),
Culicoides debilipalpis
Hoffman and
Culicoides venustus
Lutz. Models were developed with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production in DesktopGARP v1.1.3 using species occurrence data from field sampling along with environmental variables from WorldClim and Trypanosomiasis and Land use in Africa. For three
Culicoides
species (
C
.
insignis
,
C
.
stellifer
and
C
.
debilipalpis
) 96–98% of the presence points were predicted across the Florida landscape (63.8% - 72.5%). For
C
.
venustus
, models predicted 98.00% of presence points across 27.4% of Florida. Geographic variations were detected between species.
Culicoides insignis
was predicted to be restricted to peninsular Florida, and in contrast,
C
.
venustus
was predicted to be primarily in north Florida and the panhandle region.
Culicoides stellifer
and
C
.
debilipalpis
were predicted nearly statewide. Environmental conditions also differed by species, with some species’ ranges predicted by more narrow ranges of variables than others. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was a major predictor of
C
.
venustus
and
C
.
insignis
presence. For
C
.
stellifer
, Land Surface Temperature, Middle Infrared were the most limiting predictors of presence. The limiting variables for
C
.
debilipalpis
were NDVI Bi-Annual Amplitude and NDVI Annual Amplitude at 22.5% and 28.1%, respectively. The model outputs, including maps and environmental variable range predictions generated from these experiments provide an important first pass at predicting species of veterinary importance in Florida. Because EHDV cannot exist in the environme...