A coordinated ruthenium-rifampicin complex reprogramming the colon carcinoma micro-environment mediated by modulation of p53/AkT/mTOR/VEGF pathway

An Overview of the Potential Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Properties of Ru(II)/(III) Complexes

“…High-throughput screening indicated a strong potential for synergistic interactions between the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib and compound 5. Moreover, no synergy was found in a previous review when sunitinib, sorafenib, BEZ-235 (Dactolisib) and an mTOR inhibitor (mammalian target of rapamycin), were tested at different dose ratios with RAPTA-C [77].…”

“…Budzisz et al [83] demonstrated that complex 52 also had cytotoxic activity, with IC 50 values of 41.17 ± 3.68 µM for NALM-6 and 59.3 ± 4.8 µM for human colon adenocarcinoma (COLO-205). This activity was better than that of quercetin (IC 50 77.1 ± 7.8 µM against NALM-6). In addition, the comet assay [83] indicated that complex 52 causes DNA damage in NALM-6 (Figure 19).…”

“…Additional density functional theory (DFT) calculations used to estimate the LUMO energies of the complexes also indicated that (76) was the most reactive towards the DNA. In similar studies Chen et al [129] investigated the binding of two ruthenium polypyridyl complexes [Ru(bpy) 2 (ptpn)] 2+ (77) and [Ru(phen) 2 (ptpn)] 2+ (78), where bpy = 2,2-bipyridine, ptpn = 3-(1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]1,10-phenanthro line, and phen = 1,10phenanthroline (Figure 33) to human telomeric d[(TTAGGG) n ](HTG22) quadruplex as a potential stabilizing agent. They used d(AG 3 [T 2 AG 3 ] 3 ) to model the DNA sequence with K + and Na + ions as receptors.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of New Ruthenium (II) Complexes of Stoichiometry [Ru(p-Cymene)Cl2L] and Their Cytotoxicity against HeLa-Type Cancer Cells

“…Recently, the use of platinum-based compounds has been limited because of their lack of cellular selectivity and drug resistance. Ruthenium is attracting the interest of researchers as a promising alternative to platinum-based complexes due to their several oxidation states, Ru (II), Ru (III) and Ru (IV), and improved cellular selectivity [ 14 ]. In this way, ruthenium (II) complexes display excellent structural, photophysical and biological properties, which makes them promising anticancer compounds [ 15 ].…”