A correlation between glucose concentration, accumulation of ethanol, and germ tube biogenesis in the dimorphic moldMucor rouxii

García, Roberto; Villa, Vicente

doi:10.1016/0147-5975(80)90051-1

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) cDNAs were found amongst these clones, confirming the immunogenicity of glycolytic enzymes during C. aibicans infections (Franklyn etal., 1990;Shen etal., 1991;Ishiguro etal., 1992). Certainly, the activities of some glycolytic enzymes differ in the yeast and hyphal growth forms of C. aibicans (Schwartz and Larsh, 1982), and changes in carbon metabolism correlate with morphogenesis in some other fungi (Garcia and Villa, 1980). Also, glucose has been shown to stimulate the formation of hyphae (Shepherd et ai, 1980), influence the adherence of C. aibicans (McCourtie and Douglas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations in glycolytic mRNA levels during morphogenesis in Candida albicans reflect underlying changes in growth and are not a response to cellular dimorphism

Swoboda

Bertram

Delbrück

et al. 1994

Molecular Microbiology

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The levels of pyruvate kinase (PYK1), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1) and phosphoglycerate mutase (GPM1) mRNAs were measured during batch growth and during the yeast-to-hyphal transition in Candida albicans. The four mRNAs behaved in a similar fashion. PYK1, ADH1, PGK1 and GPM1 mRNA levels were shown to increase dramatically during the exponential growth phase of the yeast form, and then to decrease to relatively low levels in the stationary phase. The dimorphic transition was induced using two sets of conditions: (i) an increase in temperature (from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C) combined with the addition of serum to the medium; and (ii) an increase in temperature (from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C) and an increase in pH of the growth medium (from pH 4.5 to pH 6.5). Additional cultures were analysed to control for the addition of serum, and for changes in temperature or pH. Immediately following dilution of late-exponential cells into fresh media the levels of all four glycolytic mRNAs decreased rapidly in contrast to the ACT1 mRNA control, the level of which increased under most conditions. The recovery of glycolytic mRNA levels depended on the culture conditions, but there was no direct correlation with the formation of germ tubes, with the addition of serum to the medium, the increase in culture temperature, the medium pH, or the glucose concentration. This indicates that the changes in glycolytic gene expression that accompany the dimorphic transition in C. albicans reflect the underlying physiological status of the cells during morphogenesis and not alterations to cell shape.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations in glycolytic mRNA levels during morphogenesis in Candida albicans reflect underlying changes in growth and are not a response to cellular dimorphism

Swoboda

Bertram

Delbrück

et al. 1994

Molecular Microbiology

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“…morphogenesis have dealt with the biochemical changes which occur during the dimorphic transition. In this regard, various parameters have been measured; among these we may cite respiratory activity (5,9,21,24,25,27), carbon and nitrogen metabolism (1, 10,13,22,26), intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (16,20), and polyamine levels (18,19,26). However, the correlation of these parameters with morphogenesis is not clear, and we still lack a coherent picture of the molecular basis underlying the morphogenetic process.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and biochemical analysis of Mucor bacilliformis monomorphic mutants

Ruíz-Herrera¹,

Ruiz²,

López-Romero³

1983

J Bacteriol

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Fourteen stable mutants of Mucor bacilliformis which grew yeastlike under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were isolated after treatment of growing mycelium with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Biochemical characterization of the mutants included determination of growth in different carbon and nitrogen sources, determination of sensitivity of respiration to cyanide and salicylhydroxamate, analysis of cytochrome spectra, determination of glutamate dehydrogenases, glutamine synthase, and ornithine decarboxylase activities, and measurement of cyclic AMP levels. Data showed that all mutants were defective in some aspect of oxidative metabolism and had low levels of ornithine decarboxylase, whereas other characters were variable. It was concluded that morphological transition in M. bacilliformis is probably associated with mitochondrial functions and expression of omithine decarboxylase, but may be independent of cyclic AMP and glutamate dehydrogenase levels. The importance of genetic studies in the analysis of dimorphism is stressed.

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“…Numerous chemical and environmental parameters have been reported to shift the yeast-mycelium dimorphism. Among these have been temperature (18), pH (18), glucose levels (2,3,5,18), nitrogen source (12,22), carbon dioxide levels (2), and transition metals and chelating agents (3,8,17,18), as well as the inoculum size or cell density employed (3,12,19,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inoculum Size Effect in Dimorphic Fungi: Extracellular Control of Yeast-Mycelium Dimorphism in Ceratocystis ulmi

Hornby

Jacobitz-Kizzier

McNeel

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We studied the inoculum size effect in Ceratocystis ulmi, the dimorphic fungus that causes Dutch elm disease. In a defined glucose-proline-salts medium, cells develop as budding yeasts when inoculated at >10 6 spores per ml and as mycelia when inoculated at <10 6 spores per ml. The inoculum size effect was not influenced by inoculum spore type, age of the spores, temperature, pH, oxygen availability, trace metals, sulfur source, phosphorous source, or the concentration of glucose or proline. Similarly, it was not influenced by added adenosine, reducing agents, methyl donors, amino sugars, fatty acids, or carbon dioxide. Instead, growing cells excreted an unknown quorum-sensing factor that caused a morphological shift from mycelia to budding yeasts. This yeast-promoting effect is abolished if it is extracted with an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate. The quorum-sensing activity acquired by the organic solvent could be added back to fresh medium in a dosedependent fashion. The quorum-sensing activity in C. ulmi spent medium was specific for C. ulmi and had no effect on the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans or the photomorphogenic fungus Penicillium isariaeforme. In addition, farnesol, the quorum-sensing molecule produced by C. albicans, did not inhibit mycelial development of C. ulmi when present at concentrations of up to 100 M. We conclude that the inoculum size effect is a manifestation of a quorum-sensing system that is mediated by an excreted extracellular molecule, and we suggest that quorum sensing is a general phenomenon in dimorphic fungi.Fungal dimorphism is defined (20) as an environmentally controlled reversible interconversion of the yeast and mycelial morphologies. Interest in this phenomenon derives from the prevalence of dimorphism among those fungi exhibiting pathogenicity towards plants and animals. Numerous chemical and environmental parameters have been reported to shift the yeast-mycelium dimorphism. Among these have been temperature (18), pH (18), glucose levels (2, 3, 5, 18), nitrogen source (12, 22), carbon dioxide levels (2), and transition metals and chelating agents (3,8,17,18), as well as the inoculum size or cell density employed (3,12,19,24).We have been studying quorum sensing in the regulation of yeast-mycelium dimorphism in fungi. In Candida albicans, we recently showed (9) that the inoculum size effect results from production of farnesol. Farnesol is continuously excreted by C. albicans during growth in amounts roughly proportional to the number of CFU per milliliter. At a sufficiently high level (1 to 5 M), farnesol prevents mycelial development during growth. It also blocks germ tube formation caused by three chemically distinct triggers: L-proline, N-acetylglucosamine, and serum. In all cases, the presence of farnesol at concentrations of up to 250 M prevents the yeast-to-mycelium conversion, resulting in actively budding yeasts without influencing cellular growth (9). Farnesol exhibits general cross-reactivity within C. albicans in that supernatants from strain A72 are act...

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A correlation between glucose concentration, accumulation of ethanol, and germ tube biogenesis in the dimorphic moldMucor rouxii

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Fluctuations in glycolytic mRNA levels during morphogenesis in Candida albicans reflect underlying changes in growth and are not a response to cellular dimorphism

Fluctuations in glycolytic mRNA levels during morphogenesis in Candida albicans reflect underlying changes in growth and are not a response to cellular dimorphism

Isolation and biochemical analysis of Mucor bacilliformis monomorphic mutants

Inoculum Size Effect in Dimorphic Fungi: Extracellular Control of Yeast-Mycelium Dimorphism in Ceratocystis ulmi

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