A correlation for phase behavior of nonionic surfactants

Bourrel, M.; Salager, Jean‐Louis; Schechter, R.S.; Wade, William H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(80)90470-1

Cited by 250 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The solution was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure, and the crude product recrystallized in MeOH gave 158.5 g of pure compound 9 (80% yield). Melting point: 49°C; 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): 68.9, 68.8 (C-1 or C-2), 37.5 (CH 3 (12). Glucose diacetal 6 (23 g, 0.088 mol) and powdered KOH (10.7 g, 0.19 mol) were reacted with dimesylate 9 (47 g, 0.18 mol) in 4:1 toluene/Me 2 SO at room temperature for 24 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was neutralized with saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another new family of “extended” glucidoamphiphiles. Synthesis and surfactant properties for different sugar head groups and spacer arm lengths

Scorzza

Godé

Goethals

et al. 2002

J Surfact & Detergents

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Following a new four-step route, we prepared a family of "extended" glucidoamphiphiles from Dglucose, D-galactose, and xylitol in which the n-dodecyl chain is attached to the glucidic moiety by the linkage Z = O-Et-O-Et-O-(α-PP-O-) n , where -O-(α-PP-O-) n is a poly-(α-propyloxy) commercial oligomeric mixture (with average length n = 6, 10, and 14). This amphiphilic behavior study showed that (i) the glucose derivative exhibits water solubility and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values that are close to those found for the glucose compound with Z = -O-(α-PP-O-) n (without the Et-O-Et group), (ii) all these compounds are more strongly hydrophilic than the corresponding glucidic derivatives with Z = O, (iii) the increase of the poly-(α-propyloxy) chain length from ñ = 6 to ñ = 14 tends to reduce the hydrophilicity slightly.In a companion paper (1) comparing of the surfactant properties of 3-O-n-dodecyl-D-glucopyranose (23) and its "extended" homolog 3-O-n-dodecyl-O-(α-PP-O-) n -D-glucopyranose (8) in which (α-PP-O-) n = poly-(α-propyloxy) with ñ = 6, we showed that compound 8 exhibited a 100-fold increase in water solubility and a four-unit increase in hydrophiliclipophilic balance (HLB) with respect to compound 23. These results stimulated us to prepare and study the properties of the structural analogs of 8 with different glucidic moieties and of variable poly-(α-propyloxy) length. Before proceeding further, we tried to analyze the reasons for the low overall yield (10%) encountered in the synthesis of the "extended" species 8 along a six-step route (Scheme 1). This was obviously a consequence of the key step e, which required an activated substrate with a leaving group (OMs) linked to a primary carbon to introduce the glucose derivative 6. In the starting oligomeric mixture, 1, there was a secondary carbon at one of the extremities and a primary carbon at the other. Therefore, we first protected this position regiospecifically by a trityl group (step a). Subsequently, the alkyl chain, R, was introduced at the terminal secondary carbon with n-dodecyl bromide (step b). To obtain the activated intermediate, 5, the trityl group was then removed (step c) to introduce the mesylate group (step d), which was substituted by 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucopyranose (6). Final desacetalation (step f ) produced the expected compound 8.In the present paper, we describe an alternative four-step route to attain slightly different "extended" glucidoamphiphiles such as compound 18 (Scheme 2), in which a diethyloxy group is introduced between the glucidic moiety and the poly-(α-propyloxy) spacer arm. This strategy is applied in preparing the corresponding D-glucose, D-galactose, and DL-xylitol derivatives with poly-(α-propyloxy) oligomers having an average degree of condensation, ñ, ranging from 6 to 14. This new "extended" glucidoamphiphile family includes enough members that some conclusions can be drawn on the influence of the di-ethyloxy group, the poly-(α-propyloxy) oligomer chain length, and the glucidic moiety on the ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another new family of “extended” glucidoamphiphiles. Synthesis and surfactant properties for different sugar head groups and spacer arm lengths

Scorzza

Godé

Goethals

et al. 2002

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…원유회수증진법(enhanced oil recovery, EOR)은 초중질유(extra heavy oil)와 같이 원유의 점성도가 매우 높아 자연분출을 이용한 1차 생산, [5][6][7].…”

Section: 서 론 1)unclassified

Characterization of Microemulsion of Crude Oil Using Alkali-Surfactant Solution

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Bae

et al. 2015

Applied Chemistry for Engineering

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For the enhanced oil recovery, one of the most important factors is to determine the surfactant formulation in chemical flood. The objective of this study is to analyze the microemulsion formed between the alkali-surfactant (AS) solution and A crude oil for screening surfactants. The alkali-surfactant solution was manufactured by using the surfactant purchased from AK ChemTech. C16-PO7-SO4 and sodium carbonate solution were used as surfactant and alkaline, respectively. Both TEGBE and IBA were used as a co-solvent. The AS solution and A crude oil can form a Type III middle phase microemulsion at the salinity from 0.0 wt%~3.6 wt%. Increasing the salinity causes the phase transition of microemulsion from the lower (Type I) to middle (Type III) to upper (Type II) phase. Interfacial tension (IFT) values calculated by Huh's equation were in good agreement with ultralow IFT. According to this characteristic, the surfactant purchased from a domestic company can be applied to the enhanced oil recovery.

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“…4 Das Löseverhalten der Niotenside im Öl-Wasser-System, das die Lage des Phaseninversionstemperaturbereichs bestimmt, hängt von der Alkylkettenlänge und dem Ethoxylierungsgrad des Niotensids und natürlich auch von der Kettenlänge der verwendeten Ölkomponente ab [26,28,29,[33][34][35][36]. Generell gilt, dass die PIT mit zunehmender Hydrophilie des Niotensids (also zunehmendem Ethoxylierungsgrad und abnehmender Alkylkettenlänge) und steigender Kohlenstoffzahl des Alkans (ACN) ansteigt.…”

Section: Schaumbildung Und Schaumstabilitätunclassified

Grenzflächeneffekte bei Markenartikeln. Reinigungsmittel und Kosmetika

Nordskog

Rybinski

2008

Chemie in nserer Zeit

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Das komplexe Leistungsprofil chemischer Markenartikel für das Waschen und Reinigen sowie in der Kosmetik und ihre Zusammensetzung aus zahlreichen Wirkstoffen erfordern eine genaue Kenntnis der physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften und der Wechselwirkung der Einzelkomponenten. Speziell physikalisch‐chemische Grenzflächeneffekte beeinflussen die Wirkung dieser Produkte. An grundlegenden Ergebnissen zum Ablaufverhalten wässriger Tensidlösungen von harten Oberflächen, der Bildung von Tensidschäumen und der Herstellung von stabilen dünnflüssigen Emulsionen wird aufgezeigt, welche Bedeutung die Grenzflächenforschung für Produkte für den Endverbraucher hat und welche Fortschritte erzielt werden konnten.

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A correlation for phase behavior of nonionic surfactants

Cited by 250 publications

References 17 publications

Another new family of “extended” glucidoamphiphiles. Synthesis and surfactant properties for different sugar head groups and spacer arm lengths

Another new family of “extended” glucidoamphiphiles. Synthesis and surfactant properties for different sugar head groups and spacer arm lengths

Characterization of Microemulsion of Crude Oil Using Alkali-Surfactant Solution

Grenzflächeneffekte bei Markenartikeln. Reinigungsmittel und Kosmetika

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